Longwood Graduate Program in Public Horticulture

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The Longwood Graduate Program, now known as the Longwood Fellows Program, is product of a longstanding collaboration between the University of Delaware and Longwood Gardens since its inception in 1957. Formerly a graduate program offering a Master of Science degree in Public Horticulture Administration and later a degree in Public Horticulture, the Fellows Program is now a 13-month program that emphasizes leadership development, contemporary issue exploration, and a comprehensive understanding of public horticulture. Participants engage in domestic and international field placements, spearhead impactful projects, and gain insights from thought leaders spanning diverse professions. Committed to leadership education, the Longwood Fellows Program ensures that each cohort graduates with the skills to make meaningful contributions to the ever-evolving realm of public horticulture. Visit the Longwood Fellows Program website for more information about the program. Discover the scholarly work of graduates of the former Longwood Graduate Program within this UDSpace community.

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Adult Education in Botanic Gardens: Environmental Awareness Through Horticulture
(University of Delaware, 1978-06) Peck, Sherry
An educator who wishes to plan a successful education program for adults must have a sound understanding of the needs and characteristics of the adult learner and the goals and principles of adult education. The ultimate purpose of learning is change, particularly change in behavior. The goals of adult education are individual development and, through this, improvement of society. The desire for growth--self-discovery, self-actualization, maturation--is one of the strongest motivations for an adult who seeks education. Adult learners, both as individuals and as groups, are very different from child learners and must be treated accordingly in the learning situation. Education has long been considered one of the functions of botanic gardens. They are particularly well suited to offer adult education, for several reasons. First, they usually have a number of important resources--a plant collection, a knowledgeable staff, physical facilities for accommodating the public. Second, since large numbers of people today are seeking gardening information, the botanic garden has a ready-made voluntary learner population. Third, a garden is an ideal situation for participatory learning. The education which botanic gardens can offer can be divided into four major areas: general gardening skills; beauty appreciation; self-education or random experiential learning; and environmental education. All four are closely interrelated and lead to sensitization, therefore growth, of the individual and betterment of society. A survey of United States botanic gardens conducted in February 1977 indicated that most botanic gardens do consider adult education to be one of their responsibilities and most do currently offer a wide variety of educational activities for adults. However, botanic garden staff members who teach adults are usually not specialists in adult education: few have training in adult education, and most are required to work with children as well as with adults. The survey also showed that most botanic gardens consider their main educational objective to be the teaching of practical horticulture. Administrators apparently do not believe that environmental education lies within either their responsibilities or their capabilities. Horticulture is an excellent vehicle for developing environmental awareness in adults while fulfilling many of goals of modern adult education. Many basic ecological principles can be explained or demonstrated within the context of practical horticulture. An instructor who is well-versed in the basics of ecology through course work or independent readings should with some planning be able to incorporate this information into his teaching of horticultural topics. Some botanic garden education programs are beginning to do this. Gardens are in a position not only to disseminate information but also to influence public attitudes toward plants, beauty and the natural environment, and they should consider this an important obligation. For many adults horticulture may serve as a trigger for the growth of a deep appreciation for nature, increased powers of observation and a growing sense of the urgent need to protect our natural resources. Advisor: Richard Lighty
An Advocacy Role for Public Gardens: Tropical Rain Forest
(University of Delaware, 1990-08) Allenstein, Pamela
In the increasingly competitive not-for-profit world, public gardens need to justify their contribution to society. Public gardens need to become more active in current socio-environmental issues to both demonstrate a sense of social responsibility and fulfill a need in contemporary society. The public will look increasingly toward public gardens for information and guidance concerning plant-related issues. This thesis examines advocacy in public gardens, focusing on the issue of tropical rain forest conservation. It argues the need for more widespread advocacy and explores the potential role public gardens can play. The first chapter addresses the trend toward advocacy in public gardens. It discusses the concept of advocacy, noting the increase in advocacy at related institutions. Advocacy is not a traditional role for public gardens. The reasons that more public gardens have yet to assume a leadership role in advocating tropical rain forest conservation can be grouped into the following categories: traditional values/mission, leadership, individuals' attitudes, questions of responsibility, conflicting priorities, need for global perspective, isolation, controversy/partisanship. The few public gardens with leading advocacy roles in tropical rain forest conservation share three common traits: 1) determined, focused leadership; 2) a well-defined mission communicated throughout the organization; 3) involvement in collaborative efforts. To effectively achieve an advocacy role, public gardens must formulate a clear, common message. In an advocacy role, the audience becomes constituencies. Visitors, non-visitors in the community, staff, volunteers including board members all should be targeted audience segments. To be most effective, all aspects of the organization should communicate the same message, using a variety of methods. Plant displays, interpretation, educational programming, music and theater, exhibits, special events, travel programs, visitor services, publications, garden policies and procedures all can communicate an advocacy stance. Recommendations are made on how a public garden can begin developing an advocacy role. The environmental problems facing today's world can only be solved through multi-disciplinary, international efforts with each individual and organization making a contribution. Public gardens can play a valuable role through advocacy.
An Analysis of Not-For-Profit Gardens and Museums Operating For-Profit Subsidiaries
(University of Delaware, 1992-05) Barr, Brian
Three not-for-profit gardens and museums which are operating wholly-owned for-profit subsidiaries, Callaway Gardens, Pine Mountain, Georgia; Mystic Seaport Museum, Mystic, Connecticut; and the Zoological Society of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, were researched to determine the appropriateness, advantages and disadvantages of operating for-profit subsidiaries. The staffs of the not-for-profit organizations and for-profit subsidiaries were interviewed. Analysis of the interviews and organizational documents identified five key areas which should be considered before establishing a for-profit: mission, planning, trustees, management, and expansion. This analysis was extended to two not-for-profit gardens and museums: Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania and Winterthur Museum and Gardens, Winterthur, Delaware, which are not operating for-profit subsidiaries. Each was evaluated to see if a for-profit would be suitable to its organization. It was recommended that both organizations not start a for-profit subsidiary at this time because Longwood's current endowment provides strong financial security and Winterthur's leadership is in a period of transition. However, a for-profit may be a viable option for either organization in the future. The recommendations demonstrate that each organization's management team must evaluate their own operations to determine if a for-profit subsidiary would be advantageous. Of the five key areas identified in this thesis, the mission and trustees are the two most critical issues in the establishment of a for-profit subsidiary. It is imperative that the mission of the for-profit subsidiary relate to the mission of the not-for-profit. Trustees of the not-for-profit organization must actively support the formation of a for-profit subsidiary if it is to be successful. A for-profit subsidiary should not be perceived as a panacea, instead, as one option that should be investigated by not-for-profit administrators.
An Analysis of Public Garden Websites
(University of Delaware, 2002) Tejral, Cindy
Over 38 Million Web sites are now available for on-line viewing. Public gardens are a small portion of this astonishing number and are increasingly using the Internet as a means to inform the public of their presence, including their mission, collections, and programs. Likewise, the information provided on a public garden’s Web site may educate, entertain, and encourage the user to become involved with the garden through visiting or donating their time or money. The purpose of this research was to analyze and describe the current use of Web sites by public gardens in the United States. Surveys to admissions-charging public gardens with Web sites offered insights into the garden’s Web site creation and maintenance processes and content decisions. The development, maintenance, content, and methods of analysis of individual public garden Web sites show trends in the following areas: development costs and time, maintenance frequency and associated costs, types of staff used for site content development, design, and maintenance, methods of enriching a site’s content through links, plug-ins, and interactive features, and the methods used to determine a Web site’s usability. Results indicate that the majority of institutions have had Web sites for over 2 years, spent under twelve months in planning and development, and spent less than 300 hours and $2000 to create the Web site. Many Web sites were created using much less time and money resources, meaning that Web sites should be achievable for most public gardens. A majority of Web sites are maintained and updated either monthly or seasonally for under $2000. Thirty-one percent of Web sites have been analyzed for usability via focus groups, interviews, or some other method. Additional research on Web design uncovered key characteristics found in an effective Web site. Key design issues include navigation, page layout, and content of main and subsidiary pages. Well designed Web sites are eye-appealing and easy to navigate in order to find the desired information quickly. Web sites can be improved by increasing the content available on-line, the quality of the design and navigation, and by having realized goals and purposes. Usability testing can help an institution determine users’ needs and aid in the process of site improvement. A Web site can serve as a marketing tool while also educating the public on the garden’s mission.
Applying Visitor Survey Results to Decision Making in Public Gardens
(University of Delaware, 2000) Vondrasek, William
There is a knowledge gap between the theoretical value of visitor surveys and the reality of applying survey results to decision making in public gardens. This gap could be narrowed if there were available an increased number of relevant examples of survey result applications. Garden leaders could study these applications before they attempted their own surveys, thereby making themselves more prepared to apply their results to decision making. This thesis presents the following four new cases for their reference: The Minnesota Landscape Arboretum, The Chicago Botanic Garden, The U.S. National Arboretum, and Goodstay Gardens. These cases should also help undecided leaders better understand if a visitor survey would be an appropriate undertaking for their gardens. Except for the Chicago Botanic Garden, each case was a question-by-question investigation of the results of their survey, focusing on how the survey results were applied to decision making. The Chicago Botanic Garden case is an investigation of the data analysis that was done on all twelve surveys conducted at that garden fiom 1979 to 1995, and how that analysis was applied to decision making. The decisions affected by the survey results have been categorized into three areas: marketing, programming, and facilities management. For these four cases, marketing decisions were well informed by audience research. Programming decisions were also informed, but more care seemed necessary in question design and interpretation of the results. Minor decisions about facilities management were informed; the expertise of garden staff and contracted designers seemed to make this type of survey result superfluous to decision making. Due to the unique circumstance surrounding each decision, generalizations were not made about what types of decisions are best informed by survey results. However, four general factors affecting a garden’s preparedness to apply survey results to decision making are identified and discussed. They are: 1. Know what information is desired fiom the survey. 2. Design the appropriate instrument to get that information. 3. Become familiar with how to apply the results to decision making. 4. Provide the financial and human resources to carry through the applications. Advisor: James Swasey, John Nye, Conrado Gempesaw
An Approach to Teaching Children about the Aesthetics of Plants and Gardens
(University of Delaware, 1976-06) Scheid, David
The point of this thesis is to draw together some ideas which may serve as guidelines for those who are interested in a program for the education of children in gardens. An education program should not consist only of the courses of plant study and practical gardening, but also the encouragement of sensitivity to beauty, or aesthetics. Any program must consider not only the qualifications of the teacher to teach aesthetics and the ability of the student to understand aesthetics, but the methods used to present the material. The teacher's role is one of training and guiding the child's interest in the proper direction. The teacher needs to inform himself by knowing how children learn, the pupil's age and maturation level, their motivation, their known and perceived needs, the physical conditions and time factor, and the child's interest. The teacher must be conversant in the topic and utilize the child's interest as a point of beginning, not as the exclusive direction. The student's role should be an active one. In teaching aesthetics the interest of the child can be maintained if the instructor moves quickly into the various phases of each topic, touching only on the most important points and allowing the pupils to build on them. In order to learn aesthetics it is necessary for the child to understand the elements of color, texture, and form and their interrelationships. This involves the handling of more than one variable, the forming of hypotheses and the evolution of logical conclusions. In the intellectual development of a child this ability generally becomes evident in the eleven to fifteen year age group. Therefore aesthetics of plants and gardens are best taught to children in grades four to six. When teaching aesthetics of plants and gardens, it is important for the student to understand the concepts of diversity, interrelationships, adaptation and change. These concepts can be further interpreted through the study of the aesthetic elements of color, texture, and form. When teaching these elements, the instructor is encouraged to use the methods and materials the teacher feels confident with and teaching in an interesting and informative manner, it is hoped that both the teacher and the pupil will realize that beauty is in the study, the acquiring of perception, the self satisfaction, the creating process.
An Audience Diversification Model for Public Gardens and Museums
(University of Delaware, 1999) Andorka, Claire
It is not unusual when visiting public gardens and museums to discover their audiences are primarily Caucasian, female, upper-to-middle class, well-educated, and middle-aged to elderly. This homogeneity among audiences is a problem many organizations are trying to rectify. In order to help manage audience diversification strategies, an audience diversification process model-with a focus on educational programming-was created. This model is based on current literature and practice. The audience diversification model consists of efforts within five Actions. The Actions are: Action 1 : Assess audiences and programs for diversity; Action 2: Establish an organizational commitment to diversity; Action 3: Build mutually beneficial relationships between the public gardedmuseum and community groups of under-represented audiences; Action 4: Design, develop, and implement education programs with community involvement; Action 5: Integrate regular evaluation into the programming process. This model was used to assess the audience diversification efforts at three case study sites: Fairchild Tropical Garden, Please Touch Museum, and Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens. Educators and directors were interviewed regarding the management of their audience diversification efforts. While the selected institutions are currently implementing some of the efforts in the audience diversification model, the research shows that none of the organizations followed the model completely. In addition to these results, critical issues surrounding the Actions and efforts within the audience diversification process are discussed. This research will provide educators, directors, and other administrators with the information necessary to better understand and implement audience diversification efforts through educational programming.
Botanical Gardens and Arboreta of North America: An Organizational Survey
(University of Delaware, 1980-08) Correll, Philip
Career Advancement Comparison Between Ornamental Horticulture Associate and Non-Degree Training Programs
(University of Delaware, 1997) Punzi, Peter
This study was conducted to determine if there is a difference between the career advancement of alumni of ornamental horticulture associate degree and non-degree programs. The researcher theorized that there would be a significant difference between the career advancement in favor of graduates from horticultural associate degree programs. The researcher administered a survey to the alumni of three associate degree and three non-degree training programs. The surveys were constructed using guidelines from career advancement validation research conducted at Alverno College, Milwaukee Wisconsin (Ben-Ur & Rogers, 1994). The programs were chosen from Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada. Since all six programs used in this study were selected based on their perceived high reputations the most esteemed associate degree programs are compared to the most esteemed non-degree training programs. Chi-square and t-test analysis were used (a=.01 and a=.05) to analyze the data collected. The statistical analysis of the data did not support the presupposition that there would be a significant difference between the career advancement in favor of graduates from horticultural associate degree programs. The analysis supported the counter-presupposition that there is no difference in the career advancement of graduates from horticultural associate and non-degree training programs. a bachelors degree than students who attend an non-college institution, and receive a diploma, Since Pascarella and Terenzini found the achievement of a bachelors degree a key factor in career advancement, this researcher believes that students attending non-college programs would have lower career advancement than students attending a four-year and two-year college programs.
Charles County Community College: An Ecological Approach to the Landscape Development of a Campus Arboretum
(University of Delaware, 1973-05) Buckler, James
This study was initiated to provide information to be used in making decisions related to the development of a new type of campus arboretum a t Charles County Community College, La Plata, Maryland. This arboretum would be based on an ecological approach to the selection of native plant material t o be used i n the landscape development of the Campus. After analyzing the site and its conditions, it was found that of the 173 acres, approximately 50% of the land had slopes greater than 10% and was therefore unsuited to conventional development. Of the remaining 50% of the land, approximately 25% is in a flood plain. Therefore, only 25% of the land is suited to development without major changes in topography or drainage patterns. Three line-transect surveys were conducted on June 20, 1972, to determine the indigenous flora associated with the six major soil types of Aura, Beltsville , Bibb, Croom, Iuka, and Sassafras. A total of 39 native genera, 48 native species, and 1 introduced genus were found indigenous to the Campus. In the lists of recommended plants for these soil types, a total of 95 genera and 166 species were included for use in the landscape development of the Campus to provide an arboretum of native plants. These plants were selected on the basis of those native plants from within a 250 mile radius of the College which were of ornamental value for use in landscaping in the various soil types. The lists are based on those native plants indigenous to the site on the soil types and those native plants recommended by Donald Wyman in his books entitled Trees for American Gardens, Shrubs and Vines for American Gardens, and Ground Cover Plants which have habitats similar to the existing site conditions of the soil types involved. These lists contain information on the habit, height, genus species, common name, flower color and month(s) of interest, fruit color or type and month(s) of interest, autumn color, and landscape comments on the plant involved. From these lists , the College or landscape architect can select the native plants which can be used in the various soil types which exist on the Campus. In addition, setting up the Arboretum as an independent organization has a number of advantages as elaborated in this thesis. Of advantage will be an herbarium, records system, library, and labeling system appropriate to the development of an arboretum of native plants.
Community Relations at Public Gardens: Issues, Causes and Responses
(University of Delaware, 2002) Daubman, Karen
The purpose of this research was to determine the types of community relations issues that public gardens in the United States were encountering and the methods that the gardens employed to communicate with their neighbors. The researcher found little The data for this research were collected through a survey and case studies. The survey consisted of a four page questionnaire that was mailed to the 474 institutional member gardens of the American Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta (AABGA) in April, 2001. The survey was developed to determine the national scope of community relations in public gardens. The twenty three questions were categorized into three main sections. Section one focused on general background questions about the respondent and the garden., the second section on the frequency and methods the garden used to communicate with its neighbors, the current complaints that the garden is experiencing and the changes that have taken place because of the issue, and the third 1 research in community relations at public gardens and hoped that once this work was I published, gardens will begin to see the need and make a conscious effort to implement complete community relations programs at their gardens. I on information concerning the amount of staff and staff hows that are used to andle community relations at the garden. With the help of a reminder postcard, the rate was boosted to 31%. The second phase of the data collection, the case study, was conducted in June 2001, when the researcher visited five of the gardens that 1 responded to the survey. Selection criteria for the case study gardens were geographic diversity and resolved community relations issues. The broad range of community issues that gardens faced included increased composting, wildlife control, recycling, sewage treatment, security, emergency services and construction projects. As a result of the study, the researcher was surprised by the lack of community relations activities and staff that public gardens in the United States have. The predominant community relations work that gardens reported was ‘putting out fires”, such as correcting a situation after it has been negatively brought to the forefront. Public gardens need to take an active rather than reactive approach to promote themselves to their surrounding community. Neighbors are a great source of visitation, membership, donors, volunteers, advocates, and program participants. Initiation of a community relations program at public gardens will be a positive step in moving the field of public parking in town, increased litter and traffic, and congestion of city streets. Other issues included concern with past administration, boundaries and zoning of the property, and the finances of the garden including how the garden received and where it gave money, and the price of admission for local visitors. And finally, some community relations issues for public gardens focused on the garden’s initiatives including pesticide use, horticulture into the future, to be more competitive with the museums and public schools and will prove to be a benefit to all gardens which will affect nearly all of their gardens’ operation positively.
Conservation, as Part of a Garden's Mission, Promotes Organizational Practices that Promote Biodiversity
(University of Delaware, 2005) Hedean, Sarah
Gardens have been a significant instrument in scientific and cultural development of the assessment and study of plant resources. Public gardens have played a major role in the exploration of plant life, in the acclimatization and introduction of species, in the education of plant life and in plant conservation. Throughout the world, public gardens host more than 200 million people each year, helping their visitors appreciate, enjoy and respect the plant life that sustains our planet. In an age of rapid loss of plant species and wild habitats, gardens have become vital centers of education, research, horticulture and conservation. Gardens have developed roles and responsibilities that are becoming increasingly important for protecting plant biodiversity. ☐ This research sought to determine if having conservation as part of the garden’s mission promotes organizational practice’s that conserve biodiversity. Surveys to public gardens in the United States and four case study site visits offered perceptions and opinions related to the contribution of organizational practices to biological diversity conservation. ☐ The three identified areas of organizational practices include: saving biodiversity, studying biodiversity and using biodiversity sustainably. Saving biodiversity is taking steps to protect genes, species, habitats, and ecosystems through preventing, managing and protecting the degradation of natural ecosystems. Organizational practices that contribute to saving biodiversity include: native plant collections, ex situ conservation, networking and partnerships. Studying biodiversity is undertaking and/or promoting scientific research programs, public understanding and awareness. Organizational practices that contribute to studying biodiversity include research, public programs, interpretation and display. Using biodiversity sustainably is utilizing organizational practices that maintaining biodiversity including horticultural practices and low impact resource use. ☐ Using the Pearson correlation coefficient to measure the relationship between a conservation mission statement and twenty-seven organizational practices investigated in this study, nineteen are found to have a significant correlation at the 0.01 level. The nineteen organizational practices are: native plant collections, propagation, monitoring, plant exploration, seed bank, rescue station, regional partnerships, national partnerships, international partnerships, educational programs, public awareness, display, interpretation, research, invasive species control, recycling, land management, water management, and wildlife management. This means that when conservation is part of a garden’s mission statement, those practices are likely to be part of the garden’s conservation strategy.
Container Plants: A Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers
(University of Delaware, 1977-06) Buma, Donald
This study was initiated to determine if herbaceous ornamentals would have differences in growth when fertilized with commercially available organic fertilizers and commercially available inorganic fertilizers applied at label rates and at equal nitrogen rates . Four comparisons were made: (I.) commercially available organic fertil izer at label rate - - nutrient solution at equal analysis and rate, (2) commercially available organic fertilize rate label rate--commercially available inorganic fertilizer at label rate , ( 3 )comercially available organic fertilizer at 285 mg nitrogen per month--commercially available inorganic fertilizer at 285 mg of nitrogen per month, and (4) a comparison of ommercially available organic fertilizer applied at label rate to a soil mix and to a soil less mix. The study was conducted a t Longwood Gardens' experimental greenhouses and at the University of Delaware from January to April 1976. The plants studied were Coleus 'Glory of Luxembourg', and geranium, Pelargonium hortorum 'Cherie'. Fertilizers studied were cow manure (2-1-2), fish emulsion (5-1-1), a mixture of organic fertilizers (4-5-2), a dry chemical fertilizer (8-8-8), a liquid chemical fertilizer (15-30-15) , and a slow release fertilizer (12-6-6). Commercially available inorganic fertilizers applied as directed on the label were found to produce plants with more vigorous growth, more attractive appearance and greater dry weights than commercially available organic fertilizers applied as directed. fertilizers also produced more growth when the fertilizer label rates were increased to equal nitrogen levels. The inorganic The inorganic fertilizers seemed to have analysis ratios that were better suited for promoting abundant plant growth. both organic and inorganic fertilizers resulted in Increasing the "potted plant" label rate of both organic and inorganic fertilizers resulted in improved growth and greater dry weights. Advisor: Charles Dunham, Richard Lighty
Controlling Weeds in Newly Planted Ground Covers with Herbicide - Mulch Combinations Using Activated Carbon as a Detoxifying Agent
(University of Delaware, 1971-06) Depoto, Edward
This study was initiated to determine the best chemical weed control method for us in establishing new plantings of ground covers. Varying levels of herbicides, different mulches, and activated carbon as a protectant were tested at Newark, Delaware during 1969 and 1970. The experimental design was a split plot, and was replicated three times. The ground cover plants studied were Aiuga reptans, Hedera helix, Pachysandra terminalis, and Vinca minor. Herbicides studied were simazine (4 lbs./A), dichlobenil (6 lbs./A), diphenamid (6 lbs./A), simazine (2 lbs./A) combined with diphenamid (4 lbs./A), and dichlobenil (4 lbs./A) combined with diphenamid (4 lbs./A). Mulches studied were licorice root (on-inch depth) and “FoliCote” (diluted in ater at a ratio of one to five). On half of all plant material was root-dipped in activated carbon. Herbicide toxicity to the ground cover was rated by a standard visual evaluation on a scale from one to five. Weed infestation was determined as stand (number of plants) and vigor (dry weight in grams). Growth of ground cover plants was measured by using a grid, and the percentage of ground covered by the plants within this grid was estimated. The stand (number of plants) and the vigor (fresh weight in grams) of the ground cover plants was also determined. With no mulch, weed control studies indicated that dry weight production of Panicum dichotomiflorum (fall panicum) was significantly reduced by the simazine-diphenamid and the dichlobenil-diphenamid herbiced treatments. Also with no mulch, the stand and vigor of Portulaca oleracea (purslane) was significantly reduced by simazine (4 lbs./A), diphenamid (6 lbs./A), and the simazine-diphenamid combination. The no mulch-herbicide treatments were not effective in controlling Eragrostis cilianesis (stinkgrass) and Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed). However, studies indicated that weed control of all weed species was significantly improved when licorice root mulch was applied to a one-inch depth over all herbicide treatments. Herbicide injury studies indicated that activated carbon did detoxify all herbicides tested. Plants root-dipped in activated carbon showed less herbicide injury, greater fresh weight, and more growth (percentage of ground covered) than those plants that were not so treated.
The Corporate Garden: An Expression of Philanthropy
(University of Delaware, 1992-08) Parker, Dana
In the last twenty years, Corporate America has increasingly supported the arts and cultural activities in their respective communities around the country. This generosity is motivated by self-interest and financial incentives in the form of tax deductions. In horticulture, this support is demonstrated by well-developed grounds, public access, and the attitude that gardens and park-like settings enhance the corporate image. Corporations are the modern-day Medici who are building establishments which reflect wealth, prestige, and beauty. These landscapes include gardens which improve the workplace and provide benefits to the community and the corporation. This thesis will examine the factors associated with public gardens at corporate headquarters. A variety of case studies were examined to demonstrate that corporations have the resources and opportunity to patronize the arts, extend their philanthropy, and reflect a positive image in their communities with gardens.
Development of an Applied Microcomputer Plant Record Tracking/Mapping System
(University of Delaware, 1988-05) Murbach, David
Directory of Computer Use in Plant Record-Keeping
(University of Delaware, 1988-05) Murbach, David
The duPont Family Legacy of Horticulture in the Brandywine Valley
(University of Delaware, 1995) Varley, Elizabeth
The name du Pont is closely associated with fine gardens and gardening expertise, especially to those horticulturists living in the Brandywine Valley of southeastern Pennsylvania and northern Delaware. Not only have family members been creating gardens in the area for almost two hundred years, they have endowed several institutions with their ideals and finances so that this legacy can continue. This work investigates what some family members feel about the legacy of horticulture which is identifiable to those looking from outside the family. The research consisted of conducting interviews with family members and with various people in the field of public horticulture, reviewing past histories of the family, and documenting family member's horticultural achievements. It discusses some of the early history and philosophy of the family, tying in ideas brought from France with the family's ongoing interest in the art of gardening. Further, the accomplishments, such as awards and service to the field of public horticulture of some of the more notable members, are detailed. While the days of expansive garden building on the part of the du Ponts may be finished, the legacy of horticulture will continue to build upon the foundations already in place and, more importantly, through family members offering their insight and expertise to public horticulture in the Brandywine Valley.
The Early Flower Gardens of Longwood
(University of Delaware, 1988-12) Ney, Betsey
The economic impact of a public garden on its community: a case study of Phipps Conservatory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
(University of Delaware, 1987-05) Dolinar, Elizabeth M.
The aesthetic and educational roles played by public gardens have long been recognized. Less recognized and less obvious is the important economic role they play as well in their communities. This role includes supporting local businesses, employing local residents, positively influencing property values, and contributing to a community's quality of life. ☐ A study of Phipps Conservatory, Pittsburgh, documented the economic impact of a public garden on its community. An input-output analysis of the Allegheny County economy showed that Phipps created 102 jobs and $3 million in business volume in the county in 1983. An additional benefit is Phipps Conservatory's contribution to the area's high quality of life. ☐ While these identified effects may not be large compared to many industries in Allegheny County, they indicate that significant change in operational and visitor expenditures related to Phipps would have perceptible effects on employment, income, business volume and the quality of life in Allegheny County. (Abstract from ProQuest citation page.)

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