Browsing by Author "Nigg, Joanne M."
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Item Business Disruption Due to Earthquake-Induced Lifeline Interruption(Disaster Research Center, 1995) Nigg, Joanne M.The importance of continuity in the provision of lifeline services has been long recognized with respect to facilitating emergency response to a major earthquake, but little attention has been directed toward the importance of lifeline continuity for minimizing economic disruption. This paper focuses on the indirect economic impacts of lifeline disruption on businesses. A study was conducted with a random sample of businesses in Memphis, Tennessee to determine their dependence on various lifeline systems and what level of economic impacts businesses would experience if those systems failed. Findings point to the need to address this problem with a collective approach by integrating lifeline service providers into community recovery planning and by involving business associations in educational programs for their members.Item Business Vulnerability To Disaster-Related Lifeline Disruption(Disaster Research Center, 1995) Tierney, Kathleen J.; Nigg, Joanne M.Surveys in Memphis, Tennessee and Des Moines, Iowa indicate that business owners rate electricity as the most important lifeline service. In Des Moines, where the survey was conducted following the 1993 Midwest floods, proprietors tend to assign greater importance than Memphis business owners to other lifeline services. Data on the business impacts of the 1993 floods indicate that lifeline service interruptions were widespread, were perceived by business owners as very disruptive, and were a much more significant source of business closure than actual physical flooding.Item Contextual Effects on Responsibility Judgments(Disaster Research Center, 1994) Hans, Valerie P.; Nigg, Joanne M.; D'Souza, Melvin J. J.Our research program has examined factors that lead people to hold others responsible for disasters and their consequences. In scenario experiments, respondents read descriptions of communities that experienced technological or natural disasters, and made judgments about the responsibility of various actors for disaster planning and mitigation as well as for compensation for disaster-related damages. Respondents’ judgments reflected strong desires for holding human actors responsible for disaster consequences. Attributed responsibility was substantial, even for natural disasters. Government officials, especially local officials, were perceived to be highly responsible for disaster mitigation and compensation for disaster losses. The perceived responsibilities of design professionals, scientists, businesses, and community residents varied with the type of disaster and the type of activity under consideration. The results indicate the usefulness of scenario methodology for understanding public judgments of responsibility for disaster consequences.Item Disaster Recovery as a Social Process(Disaster Research Center, 1995) Nigg, Joanne M.This paper takes the perspective that recovery from disaster is not merely concerned with the reestablishment of the physical or built environment; that is, community recovery should not be conceptualized as an outcome, but rather as a social process that begins before a disaster occurs and encompasses decision-making concerning emergency response, restoration, and reconstruction activities following the disaster. Put another way, reconstruction is less a technical problem than it is a social one. In order for successful post-disaster decisions to be made, however, there must be an awareness of the pre-disaster conditions that create situations of social and structural vulnerability, putting some segments of the society at greater risk in the event of an earthquake than others. From this perspective, what becomes important is how those decisions are made, who is involved in the decision-making, what consequences those decisions have on the social groups within the disaster-stricken communities, and who benefits from these decisions and who does not.Item Disaster Resistant Communities Initiative: Evaluation Of The Pilot Phase. Year 2(2000) Nigg, Joanne M.; Riad, Jasmin K.; Wachtendorf, Tricia; Tierney, Kathleen J.Item Disasters And Social Change: Consequences For Community Construct and Affect(Disaster Research Center, 1993) Nigg, Joanne M.; Tierney, Kathleen J.Item Earthquake Hazard Reduction Policy In The United States: A Problem For Local Governments(Disaster Research Center, 1990) Nigg, Joanne M.Item Earthquake Response: Intergovernmental Structure and Policy Innovation(Disaster Research Center, 1997) Nigg, Joanne M.; Eisner, Richard K.Item Emergency Response Following The 1994 Northridge Earthquake: Intergovernmental Coordination Issues(Disaster Research Center, 1997) Nigg, Joanne M.Item An Empirical Investigation of Rumoring: Anticipating Disaster Under Conditions of Uncertainty(Disaster Research Center, 1994) Dahlhamer, James M.; Nigg, Joanne M.Although a great deal of attention has been given to the conditions which give rise to rumors, the conditions necessary for transmission, and processes of rumor transmission, little attention has been paid to the factors that distinguish between rumorers and non-rumorers, as well as rumor believers and non-believers. Employing data from a survey of Los Angeles residents following a widely-felt, but non-damaging earthquake that occurred during a heightened period of public attention to earthquake prediction, this analysis focuses on the linkages between a number of social and contextual factors to identify rumorers and rumor believers.Item Event And Consequence Vulnerability: Effects On The Disaster Recovery Process(Disaster Research Center, 1993) Miller, Kristen S.; Nigg, Joanne M.Item Executive Summary. Disaster Resistant Communities Initiative: Evaluation Of The Pilot Phase. Year 1(1998) Nigg, Joanne M.; Riad, Jasmin K.; Wachtendorf, Tricia; Tweedy, Angela; Reshaur, LisaItem Explaining Differential Outcomes In The Small Business Disaster Loan Application Process(Disaster Research Center, 1990) Nigg, Joanne M.; Tierney, Kathleen J.Item The Issuance Of Earthquake "Predictions:" Scientific Approaches And Public Policy Strategies(Disaster Research Center, 1998) Nigg, Joanne M.Item Judgements Of Responsibilities For Disaster Consequences(1994) Nigg, Joanne M.; Hans, Valerie P.Item Lifeline Disruption in Two Communities(Disaster Research Center, 1990) Nigg, Joanne M.Item Natural Hazards and Disasters(1997) Nigg, Joanne M.; Mileti, DennisItem Policy Issues for Post-Disaster Mitigation: The Need for a Process(Disaster Research Center, 1996) Nigg, Joanne M.Item The Social Impacts of Extreme Physical Events(Disaster Research Center, 1996) Nigg, Joanne M.Item The Social Impacts Of Physical Processes: How Do We Manage What We Can't Control?(Disaster Research Center, 1996) Nigg, Joanne M.