College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment
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The mission of the University of Delaware College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment(CEOE) is to advance the knowledge, understanding, and wise use of ocean, earth, and atmospheric resources through programs of interdisciplinary research, outreach, and education in the physical, chemical, biological, geological and social sciences. The CEOE interdisciplinary emphasis and commitment to the highest scientific ideals prepares students for rewarding careers in teaching, research, and public service.
University of Delaware CEOE graduates are interested in all interaction with the planet — from legal, economic, and political aspects of conflict resolution, to understanding and applying natural science principles for the mutual benefit of humankind and the environment. CEOE alumni hold rewarding careers around the globe, as professors, schoolteachers, research scientists, ocean engineers, development geologists, resource managers, geoarcheologists, business owners, environmental statisticians, doctors, lawyers, journalists, and diplomats.
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Item 2020 Report on SCOR Visiting Scholar Program(Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), 2020) Urban, Edward R.The SCOR Visiting Scholar program was started in 2009, to send scientists to developing countries to provide mentoring and teaching using a cost-effective approach. The program was loosely based on similar programs of the Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean (POGO). SCOR issues a call for applications in September/October of each year and the SCOR Committee on Capacity Building selects applicants each year to serve as Visiting Scholars, depending on funds available. In recent years, SCOR has been able to support six Visiting Scholars: three supported with funds from the U.S. National Science Foundation, two with funds from national SCOR committees, and one with funds from crowdfunding and from the budget of the SCOR Committee on Capacity Building (which also comes from national SCOR committees).Item A Universal Electric Vehicle Outlet and Portable Cable for North America(World Electric Vehicle Journal, 2024-08-06) Kempton, Willett; McGee, Rodney T.; Ejzak, Garrett A.For electric vehicle (EV) charging in North America, three AC connectors are standardized, resulting in a proliferation of charging stations which can only charge one of the three types of EV. We propose a “Universal EV Outlet” that works with an EV “carry along” charging cable—one end of the cable has a connector specific to that user’s EV, the other a plug for the Universal EV Outlet. This proposal does not interfere with, nor require change to, any existing charging stations. It does not require any new types of inlets on EVs. The components are already standardized. Eight use cases are examined to illustrate the advantages, and some limitations, of the Universal EV Outlet. The use cases illustrate how this solution: resolves the problem of multiple AC charging connectors, makes today’s “EV Ready” building codes more adaptable, lowers capital and maintenance costs, creates a solution to curbside and urban charging, increases energy efficiency, enables higher power three-phase AC charging for heavy vehicles, and facilitates use of EVs for building backup power and for vehicle-to-grid. Finally, we propose a standards-based active cable used with the Universal EV Outlet, which would allow fast and secure EV identification for curbside or other shared charging locations, usable today without modifications to current EVs.Item Baseline study plans(Newark, College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware., 1973) Polis, Dennis F.The outline plan of a comprehensive and coordinated five-year study of the scientific and engineering aspects of Delaware Bay is presented in this volume. Specifications are provided for many subprojects, while others are simply outlined. The thrust of the study is the production of a crude overall predictive model for the physical and biological aspects of the bay system.Item A biological evaluation of the Delaware River estuary(University of Delaware Marine Laboratories, 1959-09) Shuster, Carl N.This report deals with the biological productivity of a unit of Nature, the Delaware River estuary. In many respects this estuary and its productivity is similar to that of the several other estuaries along the Atlantic coast of North America, but each, like a person, has its own individual characteristics. This productivity and related biological, chemical, geological, and physical characteristics of the Delaware River estuary are not known fully, yet they are being studied and the descriptions and knowledge obtained each year can be useful to those persons concerned with the best use of our coastal areas.Item The biology of the oyster community and its associated fauna in Delaware Bay(Newark, College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware., 1973) Maurer, Don; Watling, LesThe purpose of this account is to describe the composition of the associated invertebrate fauna of Delaware Bay oyster beds, and to determine the effect of salinity, substrate, and season on this fauna. The dependence of the number of species in a bed community on maximum salinity is discussed, together with its temporal variability. The associated oyster fauna of Delaware Bay is very similar to estuaries throughout the world and thus this report may have more than local interest.Item Block-structured, equal-workload, multi-grid-nesting interface for the Boussinesq wave model FUNWAVE-TVD (Total Variation Diminishing)(Geoscientific Model Development, 2022-07-18) Choi, Young-Kwang; Shi, Fengyan; Malej, Matt; Smith, Jane M.; Kirby, James T.; Grilli, Stephan T.We describe the development of a block-structured, equal-CPU-load (central processing unit), multi-grid-nesting interface for the Boussinesq wave model FUNWAVE-TVD (Fully Nonlinear Boussinesq Wave Model with Total Variation Diminishing Solver). The new model framework does not interfere with the core solver, and thus the core program, FUNWAVE-TVD, is still a standalone model used for a single grid. The nesting interface manages the time sequencing and two-way nesting processes between the parent grid and child grid with grid refinement in a hierarchical manner. Workload balance in the MPI-based (message passing interface) parallelization is handled by an equal-load scheme. A strategy of shared array allocation is applied for data management that allows for a large number of nested grids without creating additional memory allocations. Four model tests are conducted to verify the nesting algorithm with assessments of model accuracy and the robustness in the application in modeling transoceanic tsunamis and coastal effects.Item Climate-driven sympatry may not lead to foraging competition between congeneric top-predators(Nature Publishing Group, 2016-01-06) Cimino, Megan A.; Moline, Mark A.; Fraser, William R.; Patterson-Fraser, Donna L.; Oliver, Matthew J.; Megan A. Cimino, Mark A. Moline, William R. Fraser, Donna L. Patterson-Fraser & Matthew J. Oliver; Cimino, Megan A.; Moline, Mark A.; Oliver, Matthew J.Climate-driven sympatry may lead to competition for food resources between species. Rapid warming in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is coincident with increasing gentoo penguin and decreasing Adélie penguin populations, suggesting that competition for food may exacerbate the Adélie penguin decline. On fine scales, we tested for foraging competition between these species during the chickrearing period by comparing their foraging behaviors with the distribution of their prey, Antarctic krill. We detected krill aggregations within the horizontal and vertical foraging ranges of Adélie and gentoo penguins, and found that krill selected for habitats that balance the need to consume food and avoid predation. In overlapping Adélie and gentoo penguin foraging areas, four gentoo penguins switched foraging behavior by foraging at deeper depths, a strategy which limits competition with Adélie penguins. This suggests that climate-driven sympatry does not necessarily result in competitive exclusion of Adélie penguins by gentoo penguins. Contrary to a recent theory, which suggests that increased competition for krill is one of the major drivers of Adélie penguin population declines, we suggest that declines in Adélie penguins along the WAP are more likely due to direct and indirect climate impacts on their life histories.Item The Collected Papers of Robert G. Snider in Relation to the First Years of The International Indian Ocean Expedition(Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), 2020-05) Urban, Edward R.Item Comprehensive bibliography on Delaware Bay(Newark, College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware., 1973) Plunguian, Mark; Fothergill, Robert E.; Longenbach, Anne H.; Cook, EvelynThis series is completed by a comprehensive indexed bibliography on all aspects of the Delaware Estuarine system.Item Cruises of the R/V Anton Bruun as part of the U.S. Program in Biology, International Indian Ocean Expedition(Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), 2019-01-19) Urban, Edward R.Item Cruises of the R/V Te Vega as part of the U.S. Program in Biology, International Indian Ocean Expedition (Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), 2019-04-10) Urban, Edward R.The R/V Te Vega conducted 4 cruises as part of U.S. Program in Biology of the International Indian Ocean Expedition of 1959-1965. This document describes where and how biological sampling was conducted on these cruises, and describes how a definitive station list was developed from different sources of data.Item Cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent characterization of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in Guaymas Basin sediments.(Frontiers Media S.A., 2015-07-07) Gutierrez, Tony; Biddle, Jennifer F.; Teske, Andreas; Aitken, Michael D.; Tony Gutierrez, Jennifer F. Biddle, Andreas Teske and Michael D. Aitken; Biddle, Jennifer F.Marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria perform a fundamental role in the biodegradation of crude oil and its petrochemical derivatives in coastal and open ocean environments. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on the diversity and function of these organisms in deep-sea sediment. Here we used stable-isotope probing (SIP), a valuable tool to link the phylogeny and function of targeted microbial groups, to investigate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria under aerobic conditions in sediments from Guaymas Basin with uniformly labeled [(13)C]-phenanthrene (PHE). The dominant sequences in clone libraries constructed from (13)C-enriched bacterial DNA (from PHE enrichments) were identified to belong to the genus Cycloclasticus. We used quantitative PCR primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene of the SIP-identified Cycloclasticus to determine their abundance in sediment incubations amended with unlabeled PHE and showed substantial increases in gene abundance during the experiments. We also isolated a strain, BG-2, representing the SIP-identified Cycloclasticus sequence (99.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity), and used this strain to provide direct evidence of PHE degradation and mineralization. In addition, we isolated Halomonas, Thalassospira, and Lutibacterium sp. with demonstrable PHE-degrading capacity from Guaymas Basin sediment. This study demonstrates the value of coupling SIP with cultivation methods to identify and expand on the known diversity of PAH-degrading bacteria in the deep-sea.Item Deep Subsurface Life from North Pond: Enrichment, Isolation, Characterization and Genomes of Heterotrophic Bacteria(Frontiers Media S.A., 5/10/16) Russell,Joseph A.; Leon-Zayas,Rosa; Wrighton,Kelly; Biddle,Jennifer F.; Joseph A. Russell, Rosa Leon-Zayas, Kelly Wrighton and Jennifer F. Biddle; Biddle, Jennifer FrancesStudies of subsurface microorganisms have yielded few environmentally relevant isolates for laboratory studies. In order to address this lack of cultivated microorganisms, we initiated several enrichments on sediment and underlying basalt samples from North Pond, a sediment basin ringed by basalt outcrops underlying an oligotrophic water column west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 22 degrees N. In contrast to anoxic enrichments, growth was observed in aerobic, heterotrophic enrichments from sediment of IODP Hole U1382B at 4 and 68 m below seafloor (mbsf). These sediment depths, respectively, correspond to the fringes of oxygen penetration from overlying seawater in the top of the sediment column and upward migration of oxygen from oxic seawater from the basalt aquifer below the sediment. Here we report the enrichment, isolation, initial characterization and genomes of three isolated aerobic heterotrophs from North Pond sediments; an Arthrobacter species from 4 mbsf, and Paracoccus and Pseudomonas species from 68 mbsf. These cultivated bacteria are represented in the amplicon 16S rRNA gene libraries created from whole sediments, albeit at low (up to 2%) relative abundance. We provide genomic evidence from our isolates demonstrating that the Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas isolates have the potential to respire nitrate and oxygen, though dissimilatory nitrate reduction could not be confirmed in laboratory cultures. The cultures from this study represent members of abundant phyla, as determined by amplicon sequencing of environmental DNA extracts, and allow for further studies into geochemical factors impacting life in the deep subsurface.Item Ecological studies on benthic and planktonic assemblages in lower Delaware Bay(College of Marine Studies University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware, 1976) Watling, Les; Maurer, DonThis study was undertaken to obtain baseline ecological data in Delaware Bay. During the summers of 1972 and 1973 the first bay-wide quantitative survey of benthic organisms was conducted. The survey consisted of 207 samples distributed over 26 transects from the bay mouth to Woodland Beach, Delaware. Based on the results of the bay-wide survey reported herein, it was decided to conduct an intensive study in the oil lightering area in lower Delaware Bay (1974-1975). The intensive study included quantitative monthly investigations of phytoplankton and zooplankton together with quarterly investigations of the benthos. Two 12hour plankton studies were also conducted. In addition to the quantitative benthic studies, there were extensive samples with dredge hauls. Data from dredge hauls and grabs were compared to determine whether a useful method of community analysis could be developed based on dredge data alone. It was concluded, that such a method was feasible but that it required additional refinement. Some of the survey data were never reported for Delaware Bay prior to this study.Item Economic and Social Aspects of Delaware's Coastal Zone(Newark, College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware., 1973) Goodman, Joel MyronIn this volume the economic and social aspects of Delaware's coastal zone are considered from several different viewpoints. The first section develops a management and regulatory perspective. This is followed by two sections which deal with historical and contemporary perspectives, placing emphasis upon general industrial and social development, and the evolution of transportation, recreation, and commercial fisheries. The closing section of the volume considers a planning perspective and looks briefly into development issues involved in the future economic and social development of the Coastal Zone.Item Effects of nitrate and ammonium on assimilation of nitric oxide by Heterosigma akashiwo(Scientific Reports, 2023-01-12) Healey, Emily M.; Flood, Stacie; Bock, Patience K.; Fulweiler, Robinson W.; York, Joanna K.; Coyne, Kathryn J.The harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo possesses a hybrid nitrate reductase (NR) enzyme, NR2-2/2HbN, which has the potential to convert NO to nitrate for assimilation into biomass. In previous research, NR transcription in H. akashiwo was induced by nitrate while NR activity was inhibited by ammonium. Here, the capacity of H. akashiwo to use NO in the presence of nitrate and/or ammonium was investigated to understand the regulation of NO assimilation. Continuous cultures of H. akashiwo were acclimated to growth on nitrate, ammonium, or a mixture of both. Aliquots from these cultures were spiked with 15N-labeled NO. The expression of genes involved in nitrogen assimilation was evaluated, as well as nitrate reductase activity and assimilation of 15N-labeled nitrogen into algal biomass. Results showed that NO induced expression and activity of NR, and upregulated expression of GOGAT regardless of the presence of other inorganic nitrogen sources, while GS expression decreased over time. Furthermore, 15NO uptake and assimilation was significantly higher in cultures acclimated for growth on ammonium compared to cultures acclimated for growth on nitrate alone. Assimilation of NO may provide H. akashiwo with a competitive advantage in N-poor environments or areas with elevated NO.Item Energy utilization in the marsh crab, Sesarma reticulatum, and its relation to cyclic patterns(Newark, Del. : College of Marine Studies and Department of Biological Sciences, 1972) Daiber, Franklin C.; Jackewicz, Joan R.A study was undertaken to determine the energy utilized by Sesarma in feeding upon Spartina over lunar-monthly periods. Amounts of Spartina ingested and assimilated, in terms of grams dry weight, were found for three groups of crabs. These studies indicate a possible relationship between the quantity (i.e. grams dry weight) and/or quanity (i.e. associated with maturity) of Spartina available to the crabs and the amounts ingested and assimilated. These data, in addition to data from respiration measurements, were combined with information from the literature to construct energy budgets, in terms of caloric values, for the three groups.Item Fishes and ecological conditions in the shore zone of the Delaware River estuary: with notes on other species collected in deeper water(Newark : Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 1962-04) De Sylva, Donald P.; Shuster, Carl N.; Kalber, Frederick A.Information was collected during the period August 1958-February 1960, concerning the distribution of fishes in the shore zone in relation to the various environments found at sixteen sites within the Delaware River estuary and adjacent areas of the Atlantic coast. Over 54,000 fishes comprising 66 species were collected in the shore zone. Data were occasionally collected concerning the presence of these 66 species in the deeper waters of the estuary as well as the occurrence of 72 species not caught in the beach zone area. Measurements of salinity, temperature, oxygen saturation, and turbidity of the water were taken at the time of fish collection. Observations of tide condition, plant associations, bottom type and associated animals were also made at the collection sites.Item Guide to the macroscopic estuarine and marine invertebrates of the Delaware Bay region(Newark, College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware., 1973) Watling, Les; Maurer, DonThis volume represents the first major compilation of invertebrate species for the Delaware Bay region. Included in the volume are: a key to the major kinds of invertebrates in this region; taxonomic listings of over 300 species collected by the authors or referred to in other published papers; keys to these species; lists of species which, because of their known geographic distribution, may be expected to occur in this region; and a comprehensive bibliography of papers dealing with the species listed.Item Health and climate benefits of offshore wind facilities in the Mid-Atlantic United States(Iop Publishing Ltd, 7/3/16) Buonocore,Jonathan J.; Luckow,Patrick; Fisher,Jeremy; Kempton,Willett; Levy,Jonathan I.; Jonathan J Buonocore, Patrick Luckow, Jeremy Fisher, Willett Kempton and Jonathan I Levy; Kempton, Willett MElectricity from fossil fuels contributes substantially to both climate change and the health burden of air pollution. Renewable energy sources are capable of displacing electricity from fossil fuels, but the quantity of health and climate benefits depend on site-specific attributes that are not often included in quantitative models. Here, we link an electrical grid simulation model to an air pollution health impact assessment model and US regulatory estimates of the impacts of carbon to estimate the health and climate benefits of offshore wind facilities of different sizes in two different locations. We find that offshore wind in the Mid-Atlantic is capable of producing health and climate benefits of between $54 and $120 per MWh of generation, with the largest simulated facility (3000 MW off the coast of New Jersey) producing approximately $690 million in benefits in 2017. The variability in benefits per unit generation is a function of differences in locations (Maryland versus New Jersey), simulated years (2012 versus 2017), and facility generation capacity, given complexities of the electrical grid and differences in which power plants are offset. This work demonstrates health and climate benefits of offshore wind, provides further evidence of the utility of geographically-refined modeling frameworks, and yields quantitative insights that would allow for inclusion of both climate and public health in benefits assessments of renewable energy.
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