We studied received social support using the cross-cultural method of situation sampling.
College students from the US and Japan described and rated recent examples of received
social support, both everyday support as well as support in response to stress. Middle
class, European-American (EuA) students’ situations fit a model in which support is frequent
and offered freely in interactions, even for relatively minor issues. Even when it’s
unrequested, EuA support makes recipients feel in control, and support-givers are perceived
to have acted by free choice. In contrast, results suggest that middle-class Japanese
(Jpn) contexts favor support that is empathic and responsive to the recipients’ degree of
need. Japanese support was experienced positively when it was emotional support, when it
was in more serious situations and when the support was rated as needed by the recipient.
In Japan, although problem-based support is most common, it is not particularly positive,
apparently because it is less likely to be perceived as needed.
Introduction
