Organizational Innovation In Anticipation Of Crisis
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Disaster Research Center
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Community crises are major emergency situations for which routine
social structures are inadequate. Crises make preservation of valued
items and behavior patterns so precarious that extraordinary social
arrangements are deemed necessary to cope with them. Some crises overtake
a community gradually, so that with foresight social structures can
be gradually modified to ameliorate their effects. Pollution and other
forms of environmental decay present this possibility for gradual, if
far-reaching adjustments. Natural disasters and civil disturbances
are different. They are crises which overtake a community with little
forewarning. Their suddenness and intensity demand extraordinary social
adjustments to shield communities from their consequences. They require
immediate response to their unscheduled appearances.