Allegory and the American mind: a survey of the use of women as allegorical representations of America, 1765-1815

Abstract

Images of women have been used as allegorical representations of America since the sixteenth century. Initially, a savage Indian Queen symbolized the alien and mythic New World. But as European colonization became entrenched, the allegory of America was transformed into an Anglicized woman with which the colonizers could more easily identify. The process of Anglicization that transformed the Indian Queen into a Europeanized woman inspired printmakers to unconsciously project their notions of proper womanhood onto what they intended to be political symbols. Allegorical representations of America, whether produced by European or American limners, pictorially represented a tension between societal expectations for submissive feminine behavior and the reality that women, in fact, exercised considerable power in both the public and private spheres.