Decide Your Time A Randomized Trial of a Drug Testing and Graduated Sanctions Program for Probationers
Date
2016-11-11
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Wiley
Abstract
RESEARCH SUMMARY
This study used a randomized controlled trial approach with a sample of 400 high-risk
probationers to test the hypothesis that a program incorporating principles of deterrence,
graduated sanctions, and coerced abstinence would reduce recidivism rates among
drug-using offenders. Bivariate and multilevel modeling strategies were implemented.
Findings revealed no discernable difference across multiple drug use, probationary, and
recidivism measures between those randomized into the treatment condition and those
receiving standard probation. In multivariate models, probationer age, employment
status, and treatment participation improved some recidivism outcomes. Programmatic
and sample characteristics are discussed regarding the lack of experimental effect.
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
These findings suggest that in designing and implementing deterrence-informed com-
munity supervision approaches, policy makers and practitioners should consider offender attributes, the addition of employment and treatment-based programs and supports,
and local justice system structures. The findings of this study fit well with other emerging
models of offender supervision, in particular, those that match services and programs
based on offender risks and needs and those that recognize and address the heterogeneity
of the offender population in developing supervision and service plans. Swift, certain,
and fair supervision approaches for individuals under community supervision do not
seem to be a “one-size-fits-all” strategy. Understanding for whom they work and under
what conditions has not yet been determined. In the meantime, policy makers and
practitioners should endeavor to understand the risks and needs of their local offender
population and the community supports that are available to improve offender outcomes
and increase public safety.
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Citation
O'Connell, D. J., Brent, J. J. and Visher, C. A. (2016), Decide Your Time. Criminology & Public Policy, 15: 1073–1102. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12246