Preclinical tendon and ligament models: Beyond the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to 5W1H (why, who, what, where, when, how)
| Author(s) | Little, Dianne | |
| Author(s) | Amadio, Peter C. | |
| Author(s) | Awad, Hani A. | |
| Author(s) | Cone, Stephanie G. | |
| Author(s) | Dyment, Nathaniel A. | |
| Author(s) | Fisher, Matthew B. | |
| Author(s) | Huang, Alice H. | |
| Author(s) | Koch, Drew W. | |
| Author(s) | Kuntz, Andrew F. | |
| Author(s) | Madi, Rashad | |
| Author(s) | McGilvray, Kirk | |
| Author(s) | Schnabel, Lauren V. | |
| Author(s) | Shetye, Snehal S. | |
| Author(s) | Thomopoulos, Stavros | |
| Author(s) | Zhao, Chunfeng | |
| Author(s) | Soslowsky, Louis J. | |
| Date Accessioned | 2023-11-10T16:20:57Z | |
| Date Available | 2023-11-10T16:20:57Z | |
| Publication Date | 2023-09-18 | |
| Description | © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. | |
| Abstract | Several tendon and ligament animal models were presented at the 2022 Orthopaedic Research Society Tendon Section Conference held at the University of Pennsylvania, May 5 to 7, 2022. A key objective of the breakout sessions at this meeting was to develop guidelines for the field, including for preclinical tendon and ligament animal models. This review summarizes the perspectives of experts for eight surgical small and large animal models of rotator cuff tear, flexor tendon transection, anterior cruciate ligament tear, and Achilles tendon injury using the framework: “Why, Who, What, Where, When, and How” (5W1H). A notable conclusion is that the perfect tendon model does not exist; there is no single gold standard animal model that represents the totality of tendon and ligament disease. Each model has advantages and disadvantages and should be carefully considered in light of the specific research question. There are also circumstances when an animal model is not the best approach. The wide variety of tendon and ligament pathologies necessitates choices between small and large animal models, different anatomic sites, and a range of factors associated with each model during the planning phase. Attendees agreed on some guiding principles including: providing clear justification for the model selected, providing animal model details at publication, encouraging sharing of protocols and expertise, improving training of research personnel, and considering greater collaboration with veterinarians. A clear path for translating from animal models to clinical practice was also considered as a critical next step for accelerating progress in the tendon and ligament field. | |
| Sponsor | We would also like to acknowledge the attendees that contributed to the discussion on this topic at the ORS Tendon Section meeting: Troy Anderson, Josh Baxter, Rebecca Betts, Jonathon Blank, Nathan Campbell, Jaclyn Carlson, Chet Friday, Dirk Hubmacher, Kam Ignuito, Drew Koch, Catherine Kuo, Lily Lin, Yas Maghdouri-White, Courtney Nuss, Samuel Paek, Justin Parreno, Kariman Shama, Katie Sikes, Lara Silverman, Nardos Sori, Hui Sun, My Tang, Stephanie Tsai, Stephanie Weiss, and Jennifer Zellers. Research in this publication was supported by The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the US National Institutes of Health through funding awards: AR056696 (H. A. A.), AR069655 (H. A. A), TR003281 (H. A. A.), AR076267 (S. C.) AR076381 (N. A. D.), AR078429 (N. A. D.), AR071985 (M. B. F.), AR068112 (M. B. F.) AR069537 (A. H. H.), T32OD011130 (D. W. K.), R01AR073882 (D. L.), R01AR076339 (C. Z., P. C. A.), P50AR080581 (L. J. S.), P30AR069619 (L. J. S.), R01AR064216 (L. J. S.), R01AR051000 (L. J. S.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Funding from the Department of Defense also supported this work W81XWH-18-1-0345 (P. C. A., C. Z.). | |
| Citation | Little, D, Amadio, PC, Awad, HA, et al. Preclinical tendon and ligament models: beyond the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to 5W1H (why, who, what, where, when, how). J Orthop Res. 2023; 41: 2133-2162. doi:10.1002/jor.25678 | |
| ISSN | 1554-527X | |
| URL | https://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/33624 | |
| Language | en_US | |
| Publisher | Journal of Orthopaedic Research | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
| Keywords | anterior cruciate ligament | |
| Keywords | calcaneal tendon | |
| Keywords | flexor tendon | |
| Keywords | rotator cuff | |
| Keywords | tendinopathy | |
| Title | Preclinical tendon and ligament models: Beyond the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to 5W1H (why, who, what, where, when, how) | |
| Type | Article |
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