Open Access Publications

Permanent URI for this collection

https://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/29832
Open access publications by faculty, postdocs, and graduate students in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Browse

Browsing Open Access Publications by Subject "3D printing"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Experimental full-volume airway approximation for assessing breath-dependent regional aerosol deposition
    (Device, 2024-08-21) Woodward, Ian R.; Yu, Yinkui; Fromen, Catherine A.
    Highlights • Full-volume 3D-printed lung model with cyclical breathing capability • Modular design pipeline combines patients’ upper airways and approximated deep airways • Tunable breathing by interactive graphical user interface and real-time processing • Regional aerosol deposition quantified and mapped to clinical standards The bigger picture Inhalable medicine depends on delivering aerosols to the correct location in the lungs at the correct dosage. But many factors complicate effective delivery, including drug formulation, delivery device, and patient anatomy and physiology. To help understand how inhaled aerosols deposit in the lungs, we created the TIDAL airway approximation system to serve as an adaptable model for measuring spatial aerosol deposition in the airways, which can test the administration of aerosol therapeutics under various combinations of breathing conditions, formulations, and device parameters. The modular and scalable nature of the system can help in the study of the effects of diseases and drugs on people with different physiologies. The TIDAL system is also readily extensible, enabling future physiological features, as well as integrated testing of organ-on-a-chip-like systems. Summary Modeling aerosol dynamics in the airways is challenging, and most modern personalized in vitro tools consider only a single inhalation maneuver through less than 10% of the total lung volume. Here, we present an in vitro modeling pipeline to produce a device that preserves patient-specific upper airways while approximating deeper airways, capable of achieving total lung volumes over 7 L. The modular system, called total inhaled deposition in an actuated lung (TIDAL), includes tunable inhalation and exhalation breathing capabilities with resting flow rates up to 30 L/min. We show that the TIDAL system is easily coupled with industrially and clinically relevant devices for aerosol therapeutics. Using a vibrating mesh nebulizer, we report central-to-peripheral (C:P) aerosol deposition measurements aligned with both in vivo and in silico benchmarks. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the TIDAL model in predicting airway deposition dynamics for inhalable therapeutics. Graphical abstract available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.device.2024.100514
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Nozzle Innovations That Improve Capacity and Capabilities of Multimaterial Additive Manufacturing
    (ACS Engineering Au, 2024-05-13) McCauley, Patrick J.; Bayles, Alexandra V.
    Multimaterial additive manufacturing incorporates multiple species within a single 3D-printed object to enhance its material properties and functionality. This technology could play a key role in distributed manufacturing. However, conventional layer-by-layer construction methods must operate at low volumetric throughputs to maintain fine feature resolution. One approach to overcome this challenge and increase production capacity is to structure multimaterial components in the printhead prior to deposition. Here we survey four classes of multimaterial nozzle innovations, nozzle arrays, coextruders, static mixers, and advective assemblers, designed for this purpose. Additionally, each design offers unique capabilities that provide benefits associated with accessible architectures, interfacial adhesion, material properties, and even living-cell viability. Accessing these benefits requires trade-offs, which may be mitigated with future investigation. Leveraging decades of research and development of multiphase extrusion equipment can help us engineer the next generation of 3D-printing nozzles and expand the capabilities and practical reach of multimaterial additive manufacturing.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Polysiloxane Inks for Multimaterial 3d Printing of High-Permittivity Dielectric Elastomers
    (Advanced Functional Materials, 2023-12-27) Danner, Patrick M.; Pleij, Tazio; Siqueira, Gilberto; Bayles, Alexandra V.; Venkatesan, Thulasinath Raman; Vermant, Jan; Opris, Dorina M.
    Dielectric elastomer transducers (DET) are promising candidates for electrically-driven soft robotics. However, the high viscosity and low yield stress of DET formulations prohibit 3D printing, the most common manufacturing method for designer soft actuators. DET inks optimized for direct ink writing (DIW) produce elastomers with high stiffness and mechanical losses, diminishing the utility of DET actuators. To address the antagonistic nature of processing and performance constraints, principles of capillary suspensions are used to engineer DIW DET inks. By blending two immiscible polysiloxane liquids with a filler, a capillary ink suspension is obtained, in which the ink rheology can be tuned independently of the elastomer electromechanical properties. Rheometry is performed to measure and optimize processibility as a function of filler and secondary liquid fraction. Including polar polysiloxanes as the secondary liquid produces a printed elastomer exhibiting a four-fold permittivity increase over commercial polydimethylsiloxane. The characterization and multimaterial printing into layered DET devices demonstrates that the immiscible capillary suspension improves the processability of the inks and enhances the properties of the elastomers, enabling actuation of the devices at comparatively low voltages. It is anticipated that this formulation approach will allow soft robotics to harness the full potential of DETs.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Scalable 3D-printed lattices for pressure control in fluid applications
    (AIChE Journal, 2021-09-23) Woodward, Ian R.; Attia, Lucas; Patel, Premal; Fromen, Catherine A.
    Additive manufacturing affords precise control over geometries with high degrees of complexity and predefined structure. Lattices are one class of additive-only structures which have great potential in directing transport phenomena because they are highly ordered, scalable, and modular. However, a comprehensive description of how these structures scale and interact in heterogeneous systems is still undetermined. To advance this aim, we designed cubic and Kelvin lattices at two sub-5-mm length scales and compared published correlations to the experimental pressure gradient in pipes ranging from 12 to 52 mm diameter. We further investigated all combinations of the four lattices to evaluate segmented combinatorial behavior. The results suggest that a single correlation can describe pressure behavior for different lattice geometries and scales. Furthermore, combining lattice systems in series has a complex effect that is sensitive to part geometry. Together, these developments support the promise for tailored, modular lattice systems at laboratory scales and beyond.
Copyright: Please look at individual material in order to see what the copyright and licensing terms are. Some material may be available for reuse under a Creative Commons license; other material may be the copyright of the individual author(s) or the publisher of the journal.