Browsing by Author "Trabulsi, Jillian C."
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Item A short-term, randomized, controlled, feasibility study of the effects of different vegetables on the gut microbiota and microRNA expression in infants(Frontiers in Microbiomes, 2024-03-01) Ferro, Lynn E.; Bittinger, Kyle; Trudo, Sabrina P.; Beane, Kaleigh E.; Polson, Shawn W.; Kim, Jae Kyeom; Trabulsi, Jillian C.The complementary diet influences the gastrointestinal (gut) microbiota composition and, in turn, host health and, potentially, microRNA (miRNA) expression. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of altering the gut microbial communities with short-term food introduction and to determine the effects of different vegetables on the gut microbiota and miRNA expression in infants. A total of 11 infants were randomized to one of the following intervention arms: control, broccoli, or carrot. The control group maintained the milk diet only, while the other groups consumed either a broccoli puree or a carrot puree on days 1–3 along with their milk diet (human milk or infant formula). Genomic DNA and total RNA were extracted from fecal samples to determine the microbiota composition and miRNA expression. Short-term feeding of both broccoli and carrots resulted in changes in the microbiota and miRNA expression. Compared to the control, a trend toward a decrease in Shannon index was observed in the carrot group on days 2 and 4. The carrot and broccoli groups differed by weighted UniFrac. Streptococcus was increased on day 4 in the carrot group compared to the control. The expression of two miRNAs (i.e., miR-217 and miR-590-5p) trended towards decrease in both the broccoli and carrot groups compared to the control, whereas increases in eight and two different miRNAs were observed in the carrot and broccoli groups, respectively. Vegetable interventions differentially impacted the gut microbiota and miRNA expression, which may be a mechanism by which total vegetable intake and variety are associated with reduced disease risk.Item Effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on the infant gut microbiota and other health outcomes: A systematic review(Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2022-01-04) Ferro, Lynn E.; Crowley, Liana N.; Bittinger, Kyle; Friedman, Elliot S.; Decker, Jessica E.; Russel, Kathryn; Katz, Sarah; Kim, Jae Kyeom; Trabulsi, Jillian C.The primary aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the literature regarding the effect of pre-, pro-, or synbiotic supplementation in infant formula on the gastrointestinal microbiota. The Cochrane methodology for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was employed. Five databases were searched and 32 RCTs (2010–2021) were identified for inclusion: 20 prebiotic, 6 probiotic, and 6 synbiotic. The methods utilized to evaluate gastrointestinal microbiota varied across studies and included colony plating, fluorescence in situ hybridization, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, or tagged sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Fecal Bifidobacterium levels increased with supplementation of prebiotics and synbiotics but not with probiotics alone. Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation generally increased fecal levels of the bacterial strain supplemented in the formula. Across all pre-, pro-, and synbiotic-supplemented formulas, results were inconsistent regarding fecal Clostridium levels. Fecal pH was lower with some prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation; however, no difference was seen with probiotics. Softer stools were often reported in infants supplemented with pre- and synbiotics, yet results were inconsistent for probiotic-supplemented formula. Limited evidence demonstrates that pre- and synbiotic supplementation increases fecal Bifidobacterium levels. Future studies utilizing comprehensive methodologies and additional studies in probiotics and synbiotics are warranted.Item Human Milk, Infant Formula, and Other Milks Fed to Infants and Toddlers in the United States, NHANES 2007-2018(Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2022-11-01) Decker, Jessica E.; Delahanty, Michelle T.; Davey, Adam; Robson, Shannon M.; Trabulsi, Jillian C.Background For the first time, the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans provide specific guidance regarding the types of foods and beverages that should be offered in the first 2 years of life. Milk, in various forms (eg, human milk, infant formula, and cow’s milk) contributes a large proportion of key nutrients to the diets of infants and toddlers in the United States. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the types of milk (human milk, infant formula, and other milk) fed to US infants and toddlers in the past 12 years and to describe trends over time. Design This was a cross-sectional analysis of 2-day, 24-hour dietary recalls. Participants/setting Data from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for these analyses. Infants and toddlers aged 0 through 23.9 months with 2 days of dietary recall data (n = 3,079) were included. Main outcome measures The main outcome was proportion of infants and toddlers fed different milk types. Statistical analyses performed Survey-adjusted weighted percentages were used to report sociodemographic characteristics and the proportion of subjects fed each milk type category by age group and survey cycles. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess differences in subject characteristics by age groups. Results Sociodemographic characteristics did not differ by age group. The proportion of infants aged 0 to <6 months fed infant formula only was 60.2% in 2007-2012 and 44.8% in 2013-2018. The proportion of infants aged 6 to <12 months fed partially hydrolyzed infant formula only was 7.3% in 2007-2012 and 13.1% in 2013-2018. In toddlers (>12 months old), cow’s milk was the predominant milk type in both 2007-2012 and 2013-2018. Conclusions The percentage of infants fed any human milk increased over the past decade. Unsweetened cow’s milk was the most predominate milk type consumed among toddlers.