Browsing by Author "Smith, Earl"
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Item Betrayed by the Blue: Intimate Partner Violence and Institutional Betrayal by the Criminal Legal System(Sociology Mind, 2023-10-07) Blewitt, Bailey; Hattery, Angela; Smith, EarlSurvivors of intimate partner violence engage in a multitude of help-seeking behaviors; most commonly they engage in the criminal legal system (CLS). Thus, when this institution betrays the trust of those dependent on them by being negligent or prosecutory, this is called institutional betrayal. We strive to elucidate and describe the types of institutional betrayal that victims/survivors of IPV experience when they report their abuse to the CLS. The analysis is based on in-depth interviews with 11 women impacted by intimate partner violence who sought help from the CLS. Four themes emerged: 1) indifference by criminal legal system actors; 2) being criminalized by criminal legal system actors; 3) The benefits of “insider status”; 4) Having to be “in the system” to use the system. It is crucial that we recognize the inconsistencies and mistreatment within our current criminal legal system in order to better protect and support victims and survivors of IPV equally and effectively.Item Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Research Teams: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly(Race and Justice, 2022-04-05) Hattery, Angela J.; Smith, Earl; Magnuson, Shannon; Monterrosa, Allison; Kafonek, Katherine; Shaw, Cameron; Mhonde, Rochelle Davidson; Kanewske, L. CaitSince the murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, and the racial justice protests that followed, many institutions, including the academy, pledged their support for policies and practices that combat on-going racial injustice. Social justice and anti-racism initiatives abound on college campuses, including programming, hosting speakers, and proposing required ‘diversity’ classes for all students. For all this rhetoric, college and university administrators have remained silent when it comes to diversity, equity, and inclusion practices as they relate to research. And yet, extant research documents the ways in which racial and gender biases have consistently shaped every level of research from the development of the research question, to the diversity (or not) of the sample, the availability of funding, and the probability of publishing. In this paper we focus on one aspect of the research process: the assembling (or not) of diverse research teams. We explore the benefits that diversity in research teams brings to the integrity of the data as well as the obstacles to both assembling a diverse research team and managing it successfully. Specifically, this paper focuses on the myriad ways in which diversity in research teams is treated as a set of boxes to check, rather than an epistemology that underscores positionality and power. We present a series of case examples that highlight the ways in which diversity, equity, and inclusion are successfully and unsuccessfully achieved in research teams, both in terms of outcomes and experiences. These case examples focus specifically on power relations along all forms of diversity, including race and gender as well as rank. The case examples also serve to unpack the ways in which research teams can rely on positionality as a tool for addressing power at three distinct levels: in conducting social science research generally, between the researcher and the “researched,” and among the research team itself.Item Help or Harm? Criminalizing Intimate Partner Violence and Feminist Abolitionist Frames(Violence Against Women, 2024-02-26) Derr, Katelyn; Hattery, Angela J.; Smith, EarlAfter decades of work by feminists to criminalize domestic violence, more recently feminist abolitionists have identified the harm that the carceral state has on all impacted by it, including victims/survivors. Based on interviews with a diverse sample of 22 women and men who were system impacted, we find evidence of cases in which the criminal legal system both helped and harmed the victim/survivor. We identify policy interventions that promote alternative methods to intervening in intimate partner violence relationships that center the victim/survivor, create safety, and reduce the increased surveillance and overall impact of the criminal legal system.Item Re-Conceptualizing Kaepernick’s Kneeling Protests and His Banishment From the NFL as an Infringement on His “Right to Work”(Journal of Black Studies, 2023-06-06) Smith, Earl; Hattery, Angela J.; Kiss, Marissa; Foltz, Katelyn E.A nascent literature is emerging that analyzes the case of Colin Kaepernick who was “locked out” of the National Football League (NFL) beginning in 2017 because he chose to protest police brutality, systemic racism, and white supremacy. Using status expectations states theory and prototypicality theory, our research re-conceptualizes Kaepernick’s lock-out as an infringement on his right to work. First, we utilize a modified case-study approach comparing his experiences to those of six other Black male athletes who were “locked out.” Second, we utilize data and “matched cases” to demonstrate empirically that Kaepernick was locked out of the league while quarterbacks who were less qualified (based on specific performance measures) were allowed to continue working. Our analysis demonstrates that Kaepernick was denied his “right to work” because he, like other Black male athletes before him, challenged structural racism and white supremacy.Item What Is a Girl Worth?: Gender-Based Violence and Accountability in SportsWorld(Sociology of Sport Journal, 2024-05-25) Kiss, Marissa; Foltz, Katelyn E.; Hattery, Angela; Mirance, Katie; Smith, EarlDespite having clear policies that address athlete misconduct, including gender-based violence, at the collegiate and professional levels, members of SportsWorld—athletes, coaches, and staff—are rarely, if ever, held accountable. And, even when they face a penalty, more than 80% are allowed to either remain on the team or transfer and continue playing. In this paper, we explore the impact of this lack of accountability, including the “positive” benefits to players that include the opportunity to play in national playoffs and secure lucrative contracts as well as the negative impacts on victims and communities, most disturbingly the impact of serial abusers like Larry Nassar whose unfettered access to athletes resulted in hundreds of victimized individuals.