Browsing by Author "Sawyer-Morris, Ginnie"
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Item Between- and within-Group Differences in Fruit and Vegetable Purchases, Consumption, and BMI among Hispanic Farmers’ Market Shoppers Who Use SNAP(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021-09-21) Sawyer-Morris, Ginnie; Grajeda, Sara; Tracy, Tara; Karpyn, Allison(1) Background: Despite considerable efforts to increase farmers’ market access (FM) and improve household fruit and vegetable (FV) purchasing in low-income communities, little is known about the FV purchasing and consumption characteristics of low-income Hispanic farmers’ market shoppers. (2) Methods: A secondary analysis of baseline data from a farmers’ market study conducted between 2015 and 2017 (n = 2825) was performed. Participants who also received supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP) completed a 31-item online survey assessing demographics, health characteristics, and FV purchasing and consumption habits. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were used to assess between- and within-group differences amongst Hispanic and non-Hispanic households. Regression analyses were used to examine associations among BMI, FV purchasing and consumption, and household size for Hispanic and non-Hispanic households as well as for Hispanic subgroups. (3) Results: The sample included 515 Hispanic and 2310 non-Hispanic SNAP-using FM shoppers in 13 states. Despite experiencing significantly higher food insecurity (89% vs. 81%, non-Hispanic), Hispanic shoppers consumed similar amounts of FV (3.04 cups/day) and spent less doing so. Significant subgroup differences were identified for FV purchasing. (4) Conclusions: Findings emphasize the importance of food insecurity and household size in FV interventions and underscore the capacity of Hispanic families to maintain FV consumption.Item Exploring gender-specific differences in substance use disorder recovery capital: a multiple-group latent growth modeling and random forest approach(University of Delaware, 2022) Sawyer-Morris, GinnieRecovery housing is a promising community-based treatment modality for the 21.2 million individuals living with substance use disorders (SUDs) in the United States. However, women and men face unique barriers in their recovery, and little is known about whether and how such barriers persist over time in recovery housing contexts. The current study sought to address this gap by identifying key, gender-specific predictors of women’s and men’s recovery status (i.e., stable versus unstable recovery) using a latent growth modeling and machine learning approach. Through secondary analysis of a community-based sample of Delaware sober living home residents, multiple-group latent growth modeling was used to capture gender-specific trajectories of women’s and men’s recovery capital. These trajectories were then used in a series of gender-specific random forest predictions to identify variables strongly associated with women’s and men’s recovery status. Findings suggest that while social support was the strongest predictor of both women’s and men’s recovery status, women presented with more trauma and co-occurring mental health disorders, made less money, and reported greater financial strain, stress, and depressive symptomatology compared to men. Given the gender-specific barriers women face in recovery, sober living homes represent an ideal context for the implementation of gender-responsive programming.Item Purchases, Consumption, and BMI of SNAP Farmers’ Market Shoppers(Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition, 2021-10-31) Karpyn, Allison; Pon, Julia; Grajeda, Sara Bernice; Wang, Rui; Merritt, Kathryn E.; Tracy, Tara; May, Henry; Sawyer-Morris, Ginnie; Humphrey, Layne; Hunt, AlanPurchasing, consumption, and health data from 3,073 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Shoppers (SNAP) at 77 U.S. farmers’ markets (FMs) are reported. Descriptive and bivariate analyses indicate SNAP households spent $345/month on all groceries and $153.76/month on all fruit and vegetable (FV) purchases; daily FV consumption significantly correlated with percentage of household expenditures on FV and household FV dollars/month. Females and Hispanics spent significantly more on FV. 82% of participants were food insecure and 26.1% reported fair/poor health. Average BMI was 28.5. Findings suggest SNAP FM shoppers have unique FV expenditure and consumption patterns, despite higher food insecurity, meriting future research.Item Understanding Impacts of SNAP Fruit and Vegetable Incentive Program at Farmers’ Markets: Findings from a 13 State RCT(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022-06-17) Karpyn, Allison; Pon, Julia; Grajeda, Sara B.; Wang, Rui; Merritt, Kathryn E.; Tracy, Tara; May, Henry; Sawyer-Morris, Ginnie; Halverson, McKenna M.; Hunt, AlanDisparities in healthy food access and consumption are a major public health concern. This study reports the findings from a two-year randomized control trial conducted at 77 farmers’ markets (FMs) in 13 states and the District of Columbia that sought to understand the impact of fruit and vegetable (FV) incentive vouchers, randomly issued at varied incentive levels to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients, for use at FMs. Measures included FV and overall household food purchasing; FV consumption; food insecurity; health status; market expenditure; and demographics. A repeated-measures mixed-effects analysis and the Complier Average Causal Effect (CACE) were used to examine outcomes. Despite 82% reporting food insecurity in the prior year, the findings showed that financial incentives at FMs had statistically significant, positive effects on FV consumption; market expenditures increased with added incentives. SNAP recipients receiving an incentive of USD 0.40 for every USD 1.00 in SNAP spent an average of USD 19.03 per transaction, while those receiving USD 2 for every USD 1 (2:1) spent an average of USD 36.28 per transaction. The data showed that the incentive program at the highest level (2:1) maximally increased SNAP FM expenditure and FV consumption, increasing the latter by 0.31 daily cups among those who used their incentive (CACE model).