Browsing by Author "Ogunnaike, Babatunde A."
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Item Closed-loop modeling of central and intrinsic cardiac nervous system circuits underlying cardiovascular control(AIChE Journal, 2023-03-21) Gee, Michelle M.; Lenhoff, Abraham M.; Schwaber, James S.; Ogunnaike, Babatunde A.; Vadigepalli, RajanikanthThe baroreflex is a multi-input, multi-output physiological control system that regulates blood pressure by modulating nerve activity between the brainstem and the heart. Existing computational models of the baroreflex do not explicitly incorporate the intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICN), which mediates central control of heart function. We developed a computational model of closed-loop cardiovascular control by integrating a network representation of the ICN within central control reflex circuits. We examined central and local contributions to the control of heart rate, ventricular functions, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Our simulations match the experimentally observed relationship between RSA and lung tidal volume. Our simulations predicted the relative contributions of the sensory and the motor neuron pathways to the experimentally observed changes in the heart rate. Our closed-loop cardiovascular control model is primed for evaluating bioelectronic interventions to treat heart failure and renormalize cardiovascular physiology.Item Design, Operation, Control, and Economics of a Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Automotive Applications(MDPI AG, 2015-06-09) Whiteman, Zachary S.; Bubna, Piyush; Prasad, Ajay K.; Ogunnaike, Babatunde A.; Zachary S. Whiteman, Piyush Bubna, Ajay K. Prasad and Babatunde A. Ogunnaike; Whiteman, Zachary S.; Bubna, Piyush; Prasad, Ajay K.; Ogunnaike, Babatunde A.Meeting rapidly growing global energy demand—without producing greenhouse gases or further diminishing the availability of non-renewable resources—requires the development of affordable low-emission renewable energy systems. Here, we develop a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for automotive applications—specifically, a roof-installed photovoltaic (PV) array combined with a PEM fuel cell/NiCd battery bus currently operating shuttle routes on the University of Delaware campus. The system’s overall operating objectives—meeting the total power demand of the bus and maintaining the desired state of charge (SOC) of the NiCd battery—are achieved with appropriately designed controllers: a logic-based “algebraic controller” and a standard PI controller. The design, implementation, and performance of the hybrid system are demonstrated via simulation of real shuttle runs under various operating conditions. The results show that both control strategies perform equally well in enabling the HRES to meet its objectives under typical operating conditions, and under sudden cloud cover conditions; however, at consistently high bus speeds, battery SOC maintenance is better, and the system consumes less hydrogen, with PI control. An economic analysis of the PV investment necessary to realize the HRES design objectives indicates a return on investment of approximately 30% (a slight, but nonetheless positive, ~$550 profit over the bus lifetime) in Newark, DE, establishing the economic viability of the proposed addition of a PV array to the existing University of Delaware fuel cell/battery bus.