Browsing by Author "Medina, Jared"
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Item Body image and perception among adults with and without phantom limb pain(PM&R, 2021-12-16) Beisheim-Ryan, Emma Haldane; Hicks, Gregory Evan; Pohlig, Ryan Todd; Medina, Jared; Sions, Jaclyn MeganBackground: Following lower-limb amputation, phantom limb pain (i.e., pain perceived as coming from the amputated portion of the limb) is common. Phantom limb pain may be associated with impaired body image and perception, which may be targets for rehabilitative intervention. Objective: To compare measures of body image and perception between adults with and without phantom limb pain post amputation and evaluate associations between measures of body image and perception and phantom limb pain. Design: Survey. Setting: Online, remote assessment. Participants: Seventy-two adults ≥1 year post unilateral lower-limb loss (n = 42 with phantom limb pain, n = 30 without phantom limb pain or pain in the remaining portion of the limb). Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported outcome measures assessing body image (i.e., Amputee Body Image Scale-Revised), perceptual disturbances associated with the phantom limb (i.e., a modified Bath Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Body Perception Disturbance Scale), and prosthesis satisfaction (i.e., Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scale) were administered; participants with phantom limb pain reported pain interference via the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form. Between-group comparisons of self-reported outcome measure scores were conducted using Mann Whitney U or chi-square tests, as appropriate (a = .05). Results: Compared to peers without phantom limb pain, adults with phantom limb pain reported more negative body image; increased phantom limb ownership, attention, and awareness; and reduced prosthesis satisfaction and embodiment (U = 175.50–364.00, p < .001 to .034). Disturbances in phantom limb perception (i.e., size, weight, pressure, temperature) were similar between groups (p = .086 to >.999). More negative body image was associated with increased phantom limb pain interference (τb = .25, p = .026). Conclusions: Adults with phantom limb pain demonstrate more negative body image and hypervigilance of the phantom limb as compared to peers with nonpainful phantom sensations. Mind-body treatments that target impaired body image and perception may be critical interventions for adults with phantom limb pain.Item Using single cases to understand visual processing: The magnocellular pathway(Cognitive Neuropsychology, 2022-06-08) Medina, JaredVannuscorps et al. (2021b) report on an individual (Davida) with a developmental deficit who consistently perceived stimuli as rotated around and/or mirrored across the object’s primary axes. Interestingly, Davida was unimpaired under a variety of conditions. Her ability to judge stimulus orientation was excellent when using touch without vision, for three-dimensional objects, and for two-dimensional objects that were blurred, low contrast, moving, or flickered. Her errors instead occurred for two-dimensional stimuli that were sharp, high contrast, stationary and sustained. This pattern is consistent with proposals suggesting a distinction between two visual pathways, a magnocellular pathway (M-pathway or transient system) specialized for brief, moving, low contrast stimuli, and a parvocellular pathway (P-pathway or sustained system) specialized for stationary, high spatial frequency stimuli.