Browsing by Author "Davey, Adam"
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Item Cancer and the family: Variations by sex and race/ethnicity(Cancer Medicine, 2024-02-01) Asiedu, Charlotte; McKinney, Nicole S.; Willis, Alliric I.; Lewis, Frances M.; Virtue, Shannon; Davey, AdamBackground Cancer affects patients and their families, but few data are available on factors associated with diversity of family structures among patients with cancer. Family is a source of both support and responsibility that must be understood to support patients and their families. Methods Pooled data (2004–2015) from the National Health Interview Study were used to compare characteristics of cancer survivors with and without minor children and differences by sex and race/ethnicity among survivors with minor children. Results 13.9% of cancer survivors have minor children in the household, and this experience is more likely for women and people who identify as other than non-Hispanic White. Conclusion There are considerable differences by sex and race/ethnicity in the characteristics of cancer survivors with minor children. Clinicians should make consideration of family circumstances a routine part of their history. Doing so will help to identify potential sources of support and responsibility that may affect adherence.Item Communal Coping and Glycemic Control: Daily Patterns Among Young Adult Couples With Type 1 Diabetes(Families, Systems & Health, 2023-11-13) Yorgason, Jeremy B.; Noorda, Naomi M.; Steeger, Danielle; Saylor, Jennifer; Berg, Cynthia; Davey, Adam; Rellaford, Susannah; Kirkham, Daylee; Saunders, James; Taylor, EvangelineIntroduction: Young adulthood is a time when persons with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) become more fully responsible for diabetes management. Establishing healthy diabetes routines during this period is foundational for successful management across adulthood. Although partner support is generally considered helpful in T1D management, less is known about specific partner behaviors that could benefit glucose levels. The aim of this study was to explore associations between communal coping behaviors and T1D glucose management. Method: During 2018–2020, 23 young married opposite-sex couples (Mage = 25.7 years), wherein one spouse had T1D, completed daily measures of communal coping for 9 consecutive days. Daily average glucose and time-in-range were computed from the person with T1D’s glucose meter or continuous glucose monitor. Results: Multilevel model results suggested that higher time-in-range on a given day was predicted by reports of lower daily spousal instrumental support, lower overprotective and controlling behaviors, and by higher emotional support. Controlling spousal behavior on one day was associated with higher time-in-range the next day. At the same time, patient reports of higher average spousal controlling behavior (across all days) were associated with lower time-in-range and higher average glucose. Average glucose was also predicted by communal coping behaviors (especially within-person higher instrumental support), yet results were less robust after covariates were considered. Discussion: Some young romantic partners may engage in behaviors that are associated with higher average blood glucose and lower time-in-range for the person with T1D. Persons with T1D could communicate to their partners types of support that are helpful versus not. Public Significance Statement This study advances the role of communal coping behaviors between young adults with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their romantic partner related to diabetes management. Support provided to young adults with T1D from their partners was associated with average glucose levels and time-in-range, which suggests that interventions that include partners to direct support efforts toward more beneficial forms of support may facilitate diabetes management.Item Frailty in community-dwelling older people and nursing home residents: An adaptation and validation study(Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2023-10-12) Kmetec, Sergej; Fekonja, Zvonka; Davey, Adam; Kegl, Barbara; Mori, Jernej; Reljić, Nataša Mlinar; McCormack, Brendan; Lorber, MatejaAim The aim of this was to psychometrically adapt and evaluate the Tilburg Frailty Indicator to assess frailty among older people living in Slovenia's community and nursing home settings. Design A cross-cultural adaptation and validation of instruments throughout the cross-sectional study. Methods Older people living in the community and nursing homes throughout Slovenia were recruited between March and August 2021. Among 831 participants were 330 people living in nursing homes and 501 people living in the community, and all were older than 65 years. Results All items were translated into the Slovene language, and a slight cultural adjustment was made to improve the clarity of the meaning of all items. The average scale validity index of the scale was rated as good, which indicates satisfactory content validity. Cronbach's α was acceptable for the total items and subitems. Conclusions The Slovenian questionnaire version demonstrated adequate internal consistency, reliability, and construct and criterion validity. The questionnaire is suitable for investigating frailty in nursing homes, community dwelling and other settings where older people live. Impact The Slovenian questionnaire version can be used to measure and evaluate frailty among older adults. We have found that careful translation and adaptation processes have maintained the instrument's strong reliability and validity for use in a new cultural context. The instrument can foster international collaboration to identify and manage frailty among older people in nursing homes and community-dwelling homes. Reporting Method The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist for reporting cross-sectional studies was used. No Patient or Public Contribution No patient or public involvement in the design or conduct of the study. Head nurses from nursing homes and community nurses helped recruit older adults. Older adults only contributed to the data collection and were collected from nursing homes and community dwelling.Item Human Milk, Infant Formula, and Other Milks Fed to Infants and Toddlers in the United States, NHANES 2007-2018(Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2022-11-01) Decker, Jessica E.; Delahanty, Michelle T.; Davey, Adam; Robson, Shannon M.; Trabulsi, Jillian C.Background For the first time, the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans provide specific guidance regarding the types of foods and beverages that should be offered in the first 2 years of life. Milk, in various forms (eg, human milk, infant formula, and cow’s milk) contributes a large proportion of key nutrients to the diets of infants and toddlers in the United States. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the types of milk (human milk, infant formula, and other milk) fed to US infants and toddlers in the past 12 years and to describe trends over time. Design This was a cross-sectional analysis of 2-day, 24-hour dietary recalls. Participants/setting Data from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for these analyses. Infants and toddlers aged 0 through 23.9 months with 2 days of dietary recall data (n = 3,079) were included. Main outcome measures The main outcome was proportion of infants and toddlers fed different milk types. Statistical analyses performed Survey-adjusted weighted percentages were used to report sociodemographic characteristics and the proportion of subjects fed each milk type category by age group and survey cycles. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess differences in subject characteristics by age groups. Results Sociodemographic characteristics did not differ by age group. The proportion of infants aged 0 to <6 months fed infant formula only was 60.2% in 2007-2012 and 44.8% in 2013-2018. The proportion of infants aged 6 to <12 months fed partially hydrolyzed infant formula only was 7.3% in 2007-2012 and 13.1% in 2013-2018. In toddlers (>12 months old), cow’s milk was the predominant milk type in both 2007-2012 and 2013-2018. Conclusions The percentage of infants fed any human milk increased over the past decade. Unsweetened cow’s milk was the most predominate milk type consumed among toddlers.Item Proceedings of the 2023 Delaware Data Science Symposium(Data Science Institute of the University of Delaware, 2023-09-22) Bagozzi, Benjamin E.; Abou Ali, Hanan; Blaustein, Michael; Blinova, Daria; Buler, Jeffrey; Carney, Lynette; Chandrasekaran, Sunita; Davey, Adam; Fleischhacker, Adam; Ostovari, Mina; Peart, Daniel; Smith, Sam; Tawiah, Nii Adjetey; Wu, Cathy H.The 2023 Delaware Data Science Symposium was held on September 22nd with a primary focus on the role of data science in financial technology (FinTech) and health equity. The Symposium was organized by the University of Delaware’s (UD’s) Data Science Institute (DSI) with support from Tech Impact, Dupont, Kendal Corporation, Intellitec Solutions, UD’s Library, Museums, & Press, the UD Career Center, the UD Graduate College, the UD Master of Science in Data Science Program, UD’s Artificial Intelligence Center of Excellence (AICOE), and the DSI. It represented the fourth Delaware Data Science Symposium hosted at the University of Delaware, and the third such Symposium since the DSI’s inception. Altogether, the Symposium saw over 280 registered attendees from the University of Delaware and partner institutions across the Mid-Atlantic and beyond. The 2023 Delaware Data Science Symposium included multiple keynote speakers, a series of initiative & lightning talks, a poster session, a panel on data science-driven equity from healthcare, FinTech, community, and educational perspectives, and a session on UD’s summer 2023 Data Science (DS) + Artificial Intelligence (AI) Hackathon. Alongside these sessions, the Symposium also facilitated two associated satellite events. The first was a September 21st Data Science and Analytics Open House for UD graduate programs focused on data science and analytics. The second was a September 25th workshop on the use of MATLAB for low-code AI.Item Snack frequency, size, and energy density are associated with diet quality among US adolescents(Public Health Nutrition, 2023-08-07) Tripicchio, Gina L.; Bailey, Regan L.; Davey, Adam; Croce, Christina M.; Fisher, Jennifer OrletObjective: To evaluate snacking and diet quality among US adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional analysis examined snack frequency (snacks/day), size (kcal/snack) and energy density (kcal/g/snack) as predictors of diet quality using the mean of two 24-h dietary recalls. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015, 0–100), a mean adequacy ratio (MAR, 0–100) for under-consumed nutrients (potassium, fibre, Ca, vitamin D) and mean percentage of recommended limits for over-consumed nutrients (added sugar, saturated fat, Na). Linear regression models examined total snacks, food only snacks and beverage only snacks, as predictors of diet quality adjusting for demographic characteristics and estimated energy reporting accuracy. Setting: 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants: Adolescents 12–19 years (n 4985). Results: Snack frequency was associated with higher HEI-2015 (β = 0·7 (0·3), P < 0·05) but also with higher intake of over-consumed nutrients (β = 3·0 (0·8), P ≤ 0·001). Snack size was associated with lower HEI (β = –0·005 (0·001), P ≤ 0·001) and MAR (β = –0·005 (0·002), P < 0·05) and higher intake of over-consumed nutrients (β = 0·03 (0·005), P ≤ 0·001). Associations differed for food only and beverage only snacks. Food only snack frequency was associated with higher HEI-2015 (β = 1·7 (0·03), P ≤ 0·001), while food only snack size (β = –0·006 (0·0009), P ≤ 0·001) and food only snack energy density (β = –1·1 (0·2), P ≤ 0·001) were associated with lower HEI-2015. Conversely, beverage only snack frequency (β = 4·4 (2·1) P < 0·05) and beverage only snack size (β = 0·03 (0·01), P ≤ 0·001) were associated with higher intake of over-consumed nutrients. Conclusions: Smaller, frequent, less energy-dense food only snacks are associated with higher diet quality in adolescents; beverages consumed as snacks are associated with greater intake of over-consumed nutrients.Item The Environmental Audit Screening Evaluation: Establishing Reliability and Validity of an Evidence-Based Design Tool(Innovation in Aging, 2023-04-28) Kaup, Migette L.; Calkins, Margaret P.; Davey, Adam; Wrublowsky, RobertBackground and Objectives Current assessment tools for long-term care environments have limited generalizability or ability to be linked to specific quality outcomes. To discriminate between different care models, tools are needed to assess important elements of the environmental design. The goal of this project was to systematically evaluate the reliability and validity of the Environmental Audit Screening Evaluation (EASE) tool to better enable the identification of best models in long-term care design to maintain quality of life for persons with dementia and their caregivers. Research Design and Methods Twenty-eight living areas (LAs) were selected from 13 sites similar in organizational/operational commitment to person-centered care but with very different LA designs. LAs were stratified into 3 categories (traditional, hybrid, and household) based primarily on architectural/interior features. Three evaluators rated each LA using the Therapeutic Environment Screening Scale (TESS-NH), Professional Environmental Assessment Protocol (PEAP), Environmental Audit Tool (EAT-HC), and EASE. One of each type of LA was reassessed approximately 1 month after the original assessment. Results EASE scores were compared against the scores of 3 existing tools to evaluate its construct validity. The EAT-HC was most closely related to the EASE (r = 0.88). The PEAP and the TESS-NH were less correlated to the EASE (r = 0.82 and 0.71, respectively). Analysis of variance indicated that the EASE distinguished between traditional and home-like settings (0.016), but not hybrid LAs. Interrater and inter-occasion reliability and agreement of the EASE were consistently high. Discussion and Implications Neither of the 2 U.S.-based existing environmental assessment tools (PEAP and TESS-NH) discriminated between the 3 models of environments. The EAT-HC was most closely aligned with the EASE and performed similarly in differentiating between the traditional and household models, but the dichotomous scoring of the EAT-HC fails to capture environmental nuances. The EASE tool is comprehensive and accounts for nuanced design differences across settings.