Gender expansive listeners utilize a non-binary, multidimensional conception of gender to inform voice gender perception

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Author(s)Hope, Maxwell
Author(s)Lilley, Jason
Date Accessioned2023-05-02T18:43:27Z
Date Available2023-05-02T18:43:27Z
Publication Date2022-01-01
DescriptionThis article was originally published in Brain and Language. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105049.© 2021. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
AbstractHighlights: • People of all genders rated themselves and voices on continuous gender scales. • Men and those with higher masculine identity perceived voices as less masculine. • Women and those with higher feminine identity were more flexible in gender perception. • Increase in “other” gender identity facilitates “other” voice gender perception. • Gender expansive people have a distinct “neutral” voice gender reference point. Abstract: Few studies on voice perception have attempted to address the complexity of gender perception of ambiguous voices. The current study investigated how perception of gender varies with the complexity of the listener’s own gender conception and identity. We explicitly recruited participants of all genders, including those who are gender expansive (i.e. transgender and/or non-binary), and directed them to rate ambiguous synthetic voices on three independent scales of masculine, feminine, and “other” (and to select one or multiple categorical labels for them). Gender expansive listeners were more likely to use the entire expanse of the rating scales and showed systematic categorization of gender-neutral voices as non-binary. We propose this is due to repeated use of reflective processes that challenge pre-existing gender categories and the incorporation of this decision-making process into their reflexive system. Because voice gender influences speech perception, the perceptual experience of gender expansive listeners may influence perceptual flexibility in speech.
SponsorWe would like to thank Dr. Kathryn Franich and the two anonymous reviewers for their extensive commentary and advice on earlier drafts of this paper. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
CitationHope, Maxwell, and Jason Lilley. “Gender Expansive Listeners Utilize a Non-Binary, Multidimensional Conception of Gender to Inform Voice Gender Perception.” Brain and Language 224 (January 1, 2022): 105049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105049.
ISSN1090-2155
URLhttps://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/32706
Languageen_US
PublisherBrain and Language
Keywordsgender perception
Keywordsperceptual flexibility
Keywordsgender expansive
Keywordstransgender
Keywordsnon-binary
Keywordsvoice gender
Keywordsspeech perception
TitleGender expansive listeners utilize a non-binary, multidimensional conception of gender to inform voice gender perception
TypeArticle
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