Giraud, Robert J.Taylor, Philip H.Huang, Chin-pao2023-12-052023-12-052021-08-01Giraud, Robert J., Philip H. Taylor, and Chin-pao Huang. “Combustion Operating Conditions for Municipal Waste-to-Energy Facilities in the U.S.” Waste Management 132 (August 1, 2021): 124–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.07.015.1879-2456https://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/33654This article was originally published in Waste Management. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.07.015. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Highlights • Survey of U.S. municipal waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities identified 188 boilers. • These WTE boilers were stratified into nine categories by combustion technology. • WTE boilers typically operate at a gas residence time > 2.4 s above 1160°C. Abstract This paper reports the first known comprehensive survey of combustion operating conditions across the wide range of municipal waste-to-energy facilities in the U.S. The survey was conducted in a step-wise fashion. Once the population of 188 units operating at over 70 facilities was defined, this population was stratified by distinguishing characteristics of combustion technology. Stratum-level estimates for operating conditions were determined from data collected in the survey. These stratum-level values were weighted by corresponding design capacity share and combined to infer national-level operating parameter estimates representative of the overall population. Survey results show that typical municipal waste-to-energy combustion operating conditions in the U.S. are (1) furnace temperature above 1160 °C, (2) gas residence time above 2.4 s, (3) exit gas concentrations of nearly 10% for oxygen (dry basis), and (4) over 16% for moisture. These operating parameter values can serve as benchmarks for laboratory-scale studies representative of municipal waste-to-energy combustion as typically practiced in the U.S. Graphical abstract Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.07.015en-USAttribution 4.0 Internationalwaste-to-energyenergy-from-wasteMSWRDFoperating parametertemperature profileresponsible consumption and productionArticle