Cherukumilli, SubrahmanyamKirmizitas, Fatma CerenRivas, David P.Sokolich, MaxKarakan, M. CagatayWhite, Alice E.Das, Sambeeta2024-08-082024-08-082024-08-03Cherukumilli, S., Kirmizitas, F.C., Rivas, D.P. et al. Programmable acoustic modular microrobots. J Micro-Bio Robot 20, 11 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12213-024-00175-y2194-6426https://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/34670This article was originally published in Journal of Micro and Bio Robotics. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12213-024-00175-y. © The Author(s) 2024 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.The field of microrobotics has emerged as a promising area of research with significant applications in biomedicine, both in vitro and in vivo, such as targeted cargo delivery, microsurgery, and cellular manipulation. Microrobots actuated with multiple modalities have the potential for greater adaptability, robustness, and capability to perform various tasks. Modular units that can reconfigure into various shapes, create structures that may be difficult to fabricate as one whole unit, and be assembled on-site, could provide more versatility by assembly and disassembly of units on demand. Such multi-modal modular microrobots have the potential to address challenging applications. Here, we present a biocompatible cylindrical microrobot with a dome-shaped cavity. The microrobot is actuated by both magnetic and acoustic fields and forms modular microstructures of various shapes. We demonstrate the use of these microrobots for cellular manipulation by creating patterns on a surface.en-USAttribution 4.0 Internationalmodular microrobotsprogrammable microstructuremagneto-acoustic/hybrid microrobotcell manipulationcell patterningArticle