Gouert, CharlesTsoutsos, Nektarios Georgios2022-04-062022-04-062022-03-01C. Gouert and N. G. Tsoutsos, "Dirty Metadata: Understanding A Threat to Online Privacy," in IEEE Security & Privacy, doi: 10.1109/MSEC.2022.3148091.1558-4046https://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/30755Copyright 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. This article was originally published in [Journal Name]. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/MSEC.2022.3148091People have a certain expectation of privacy when using widespread and trusted online services. This study surveys several popular web applications to understand if uploaded user images are handled securely using open source digital forensics tools and a custom software framework.en-USMetadataCamerasPrivacySocial networking (online)SoftwareInstant messagingImage resolutionArticle