Akanbi, Oluwasegun ElijahKim, InyoungCha, Daniel K.Attavane, Adithya A.Hubbard, Brian P.Chiu, Pei C.2022-05-132022-05-132022-04-07Elijah Akanbi, Oluwasegun, Inyoung Kim, Daniel K. Cha, Adithya A. Attavane, Brian P. Hubbard, and Pei C. Chiu. “A Synergistic Nano‐Zerovalent Iron‐Hydrogen Peroxide Technology for Insensitive Munitions Wastewater Treatment.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, April 7, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202100300.1521-4087https://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/30861This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Elijah Akanbi, Oluwasegun, Inyoung Kim, Daniel K. Cha, Adithya A. Attavane, Brian P. Hubbard, and Pei C. Chiu. “A Synergistic Nano‐Zerovalent Iron‐Hydrogen Peroxide Technology for Insensitive Munitions Wastewater Treatment.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, April 7, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202100300, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202100300. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited. This article will be embargoed until 04/07/2023.The U.S. Army is phasing out legacy munitions compounds that are prone to accidental detonation and replacing them with insensitive munitions compounds (IMCs). The major IMCs, namely 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), and nitroguanidine (NQ), are not compatible with existing munitions wastewater treatment technologies such as granular activated carbon due to their high water solubilities. In this study, a two-stage process employing nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was evaluated as a potential technology for the destructive treatment of IMC wastewater. In the first stage, nZVI rapidly and completely degraded all three IMCs and generated dissolved Fe(II). NTO and DNAN were degraded via nitro reduction to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and 2,4-diaminoanisole, respectively. In the second stage, H2O2 was added to oxidize the IMC reduction products through Fenton reaction utilizing the dissolved Fe(II) from the first stage. nZVI-treated NTO and DNAN samples showed 66 % and 63 % TOC removal after oxidation, respectively. In contrast, NQ reduction products exhibited negligible mineralization. The results with individual IMCs were confirmed by an experiment using synthetic wastewater containing all three IMCs. This study illustrates the potential feasibility of a synergistic and destructive nZVI−H2O2 technology for treating IMC-laden wastewaters at military facilities.en-USnano-zerovalent ironreductionFenton oxidationinsensitive munitions compoundsmunitions wastewater treatmentArticle