Zhu, XiaofengNelan, SeanMercante, Andrew J.Shopp, BenjaminYao, PengShi, ShouyuanPrather, Dennis W.2022-08-312022-08-312022-08-01Xiaofeng Zhu, Sean Nelan, Andrew J. Mercante, Benjamin Shopp, Peng Yao, Shouyuan Shi, and Dennis W. Prather, "Phase modulation using a titanium dioxide strip on lithium niobate," Opt. Mater. Express 12, 3296-3302 (2022)2159-3930https://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/31277© 2022 Optica Publishing Group. Users may use, reuse, and build upon the article, or use the article for text or data mining, so long as such uses are for non-commercial purposes and appropriate attribution is maintained. All other rights are reserved. This article was originally published in Optical Materials Express. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.465698In this manuscript, we demonstrate the first phase modulator using titanium dioxide as a strip loaded waveguide on thin-film lithium niobate. The amorphous titanium dioxide was fabricated using RF reactive sputtering followed by a dielectric lift-off process. Two gold electrodes were deposited next to the waveguide by using the same process. This process eliminates the need for plasma etching or high-temperature vapor deposition methods, opening the door to fabrication on sensitive material systems. A propagation loss of 0.156 dB/mm and V𝜋 of 3.2 V at 1550 nm were experimentally measured and reported.en-USArticle