Hubbard, Julie A.Moore, Christina C.Zajac, LindsayMarano, ElizabethBookhout, Megan K.Dozier, Mary2023-03-172023-03-172023-01-06Julie A. Hubbard, Christina C. Moore, Lindsay Zajac, Elizabeth Marano, Megan K. Bookhout & Mary Dozier (2023) The importance of both individual differences and dyadic processes in children’s emotion expression, Applied Developmental Science, DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2022.21632471532-480Xhttps://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/32494This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Applied Developmental Science on 01/06/2023, available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10888691.2022.2163247. This article will be embargoed until 01/06/2024.Although children display strong individual differences in emotion expression, they also engage in emotional synchrony or reciprocity with interaction partners. To understand this paradox between trait-like and dyadic influences, the goal of the current study was to investigate children’s emotion expression using a Social Relations Model (SRM) approach. Playgroups consisting typically of four same-sex unfamiliar nine-year-old children (N = 202) interacted in a round-robin format (6 dyads per group). Each dyad completed two 5-minute tasks, a challenging frustration task and a cooperative planning task. Observers coded children’s emotions during the tasks (happy, sad, angry, anxious, neutral) on a second-by-second basis. SRM analyses provided substantial evidence of both the trait-like nature of children’s emotion expression (through significant effects for actor variance, multivariate actor-actor correlations, and multivariate intrapersonal correlations) and the dyadic nature of their emotion expression (through significant effects for partner variance, relationship variance, dyadic reciprocity correlations, and multivariate interpersonal correlations).en-USemotion expressionpeer interactionSocial Relations Modelindividual differencesdyadic processesArticle