The Respool Fiber Research (RFR) model: A protocol for the evaluation of mechanically recycled materials towards “second life” product applications

Abstract

The Respool Fiber Research (RFR) model provides a comprehensive protocol for evaluating mechanically recycled textiles for "second life" product applications, addressing critical gaps in the circular economy. With textile waste predominantly landfilled, mechanical recycling often results in short, weak fibers unsuitable for high-value products. The RFR model leverages sensory evaluations and laboratory testing to guide the transformation of recycled fibers into yarn or nonwoven prototypes. Demonstrating its applicability with 100% recycled cotton denim and wool, the model prioritizes material consistency, compatibility, and upcycling potential. Key steps include assessing fiber properties, blending for consistency, and determining appropriate prototype pathways through tensile and elongation testing. The RFR model advances beyond existing frameworks, enabling educators, researchers, and developers to optimize recycled materials for multi-use cycles. Future research will scale the model for broader industry application, fostering sustainability and innovation in textile recycling.