Reducing Type 2 diabetes risk using clinical health coaches to align nutrition, exercise and wellbeing in adults with or at risk for prediabetes (ANEW-AP)
Date
2022
Authors
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Publisher
University of Delaware
Abstract
Background. About 88 million American adults have prediabetes and 84% are unaware of it (CDC, 2021). The overall lifetime risk of adults with prediabetes developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is as high as 70% (Moin et al., 2018) and is strongly linked to excess body weight and lifestyle factors (Hays et al., 2016). Many Diabetes Prevention Programs (DPPs) exist, however are often too costly, labor-intensive, and lengthy with high attrition rates. Clinical health coaches (CHC) transform traditional DPPs by integrating skills such as motivational interviewing, appreciative inquiry, assessing readiness to change, goal setting, and empowering people to become active participants in their health. ☐ Purpose. The project purpose was to enroll participants at risk for prediabetes in a virtual group CHC program of Aligning Nutrition, Exercise and Wellbeing (ANEW-AP) over 12 weeks. The aims of this project were to reduce body weight by 3-5% from baseline and increase Patient Activation Measure (PAM) level. ☐ Methods. Sessions were held virtually via Zoom for 30-45 minutes once per week for 12 weeks. Sessions included educational information presented to participants and breakout rooms with CHCs. Data collected via REDCap included pre- and post-intervention PAM score and self-reported weekly weights. ☐ Results. Of the 20 participants screened, 17 met inclusion criteria to enroll in ANEW-AP. Of the 17 participants, 12 participants successfully completed the program. Due to small sample size, nonparametric testing analyzed the difference between pre- and post-weight using Wilcoxon signed rank test. There was a statistically significant difference (p=.006) between the pre-weight (X= 173.5, SD= 36.15) and the post-weight (X= 170.2, SD= 35.98). There was not a statistically significant difference (p=.883) between the pre-PAM (X= 45.3, SD= 5.89) and the post-PAM (X= 45.1, SD= 5.08). ☐ Conclusion and Implications. ANEW-AP is a short and cost-effective program that produced statistically significant results of weight change. While PAM scores were not statistically significant, participants voiced satisfaction and knowledge increase after completing ANEW-AP. ANEW-AP increases awareness of prediabetes and promotes early lifestyle interventions to decrease risk for progression to T2DM. ☐ Keywords: prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, clinical health coaching, weight loss, patient activation measure
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Keywords
Clinical health coaching, Patient activation measure, Prediabetes, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Weight loss