Visualizing fiber end geometry effects on stress distribution in composites using mechanophores

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Author(s)Haque, Nazmul
Author(s)Chang, Hao Chun
Author(s)Chang, Chia-Chih
Author(s)Davis, Chelsea S.
Date Accessioned2025-01-10T18:50:04Z
Date Available2025-01-10T18:50:04Z
Publication Date2024-11-14
DescriptionThis article was originally published in Soft Matter. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SM00967C. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2025.
AbstractLocalized stress concentrations at fiber ends in short fiber-reinforced polymer composites (SFRCs) significantly affect their mechanical properties. Our research targets these stress concentrations by embedding nitro-spiropyran (SPN) mechanophores into the polymer matrix. SPN mechanophores change color under mechanical stress, allowing us to visualize and quantify stress distributions at the fiber ends. We utilize glass fibers as the reinforcing material and employ confocal fluorescence microscopy to detect color changes in the SPN mechanophores, providing real-time insights into the stress distribution. By combining this mechanophore-based stress sensing with finite element analysis (FEA), we evaluate localized stresses that develop during a single fiber pull-out test near different fiber end geometries—flat, cone, round, and sharp. This method precisely quantifies stress distributions for each fiber end geometry. The mechanophore activation intensity varies with fiber end geometry and pull-out displacement. Our results indicate that round fiber ends exhibit more gradual stress transfer into the matrix, promoting effective stress distribution. Also, different fiber end geometries lead to distinct failure mechanisms. These findings demonstrate that fiber end geometry plays a crucial role in stress distribution management, critical for optimizing composite design and enhancing the reliability of SFRCs in practical applications. By integrating mechanophores for real-time stress visualization, we can accurately map quantified stress distributions that arise during loading and identify failure mechanisms in polymer composites, offering a comprehensive approach to enhancing their durability and performance.
SponsorN. H. and C. D. acknowledge support from the NSF-CMMI CAREER (Grant #2045908). H-C. C. and C-C. C. acknowledge support from the Young Scholar Fellowship Program by National Science and Technology (Grant 111-2636-E-A49-015 and 111-2634-FA49-007)) and the Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan.
CitationHaque, Nazmul, Hao Chun Chang, Chia-Chih Chang, and Chelsea S. Davis. “Visualizing Fiber End Geometry Effects on Stress Distribution in Composites Using Mechanophores.” Soft Matter, 2025, 10.1039.D4SM00967C. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SM00967C.
ISSN1744-6848
URLhttps://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/35710
Languageen_US
PublisherSoft Matter
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unporteden
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
TitleVisualizing fiber end geometry effects on stress distribution in composites using mechanophores
TypeArticle
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