Electrochemo-Mechanical Degradation and Failure of Active Particles in High Energy Density Batteries: A Review
Date
2025-01-07
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Small
Abstract
Failure of the active particles is inherently electrochemo-mechanics dominated. This review comprehensively examines the electrochemo-mechanical degradation and failure mechanisms of active particles in high-energy density lithium-ion batteries. The study delves into the growth of passivating layers, such as the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and their impact on battery performance. It highlights the role of elevated temperatures in accelerating degradation reactions, such as the dissolution of transition metals and the formation of new SEI layers, leading to capacity fade and increased internal resistance. The review also discusses the mechanical degradation of electrode materials, including the fracture of active particles and the impact of stress on electrode performance. Advanced characterization techniques, such as cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy and 3D tomography, are explored to provide insights into the structural and chemical evolution of battery materials. By addressing the interplay between chemical, mechanical, and thermal factors, this review aims to provide guidelines for the chemistry development, material selection, structural design as well as recycling of next-generation batteries with high safety, durability, and high energy density.
Description
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: D. Li, C. Shen, Y. Zheng, J. Xu, Electrochemo-Mechanical Degradation and Failure of Active Particles in High Energy Density Batteries: A Review. Small 2025, 21, 2407740. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202407740, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202407740. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
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This article will be embargoed until 01/07/2026.
Keywords
active materials loss, electrochemo-mechanical degradation, failure of active particles, lithium batteries, passivating layers growth
Citation
D. Li, C. Shen, Y. Zheng, J. Xu, Electrochemo-Mechanical Degradation and Failure of Active Particles in High Energy Density Batteries: A Review. Small 2025, 21, 2407740. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202407740