The wrath of God or national hero? Nader Shah in European and Iranian historiography
Date
2023-03-16
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
Abstract
This article examines the way in which Iran's eighteenth-century ruler Nader Shah was portrayed in contemporary Europe as well as in Iran, and how the resulting image—half national hero, half ruthless warlord—has resonated until today. In an age short on ‘great’ leaders, Nader spoke to the imagination like no other contemporary ruler, Western or Asian. Nader's subsequent record can be read as a palimpsest, a layered series of images of multiple world conquerors, from Alexander to Napoleon. The latter, who shared Nader's humble background and evoked a similar ambivalence, represented the closest analogue, turning him into the European Nader Shah. In the modern West, Nader no longer speaks to the imagination. Modern Iranians, by contrast, have come to see him as the Iranian Napoleon. While still ambivalent about him, they admire him as the ruler who regenerated the nation and ended foreign occupation, yet his undeniable cruelty and imperialism make him an awkward national hero.
Description
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Royal Asiatic Society. This article was originally published in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186322000694
Keywords
Nader Shah, history, representation, Iran, Napoleon
Citation
Matthee, R. (2023). The wrath of God or national hero? Nader Shah in European and Iranian historiography. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1-19. doi:10.1017/S1356186322000694