The use of complementary and alternative medicine and nutrient intake among individuals with multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Background: Conventional treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) are often ineffective and cause side effects. Many individuals with MS use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM); but the safety and efficacy of CAM are not well known. Aims: The primary aim was to determine the prevalence of use for specific types of CAM among individuals with MS. The secondary aim was to assess nutrient intake for the MS population as a whole as well as for those following specific CAM diets. Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, adults with MS were recruited to participate on a volunteer basis. Use of CAM was assessed by phone interview using a standardized survey, and nutrient intake was assessed using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Recall system. Frequencies and percentages were used to summarize prevalence of CAM therapies and demographic information, while means and percentiles were used for nutrient intake. Results: A total of 35 subjects participated; 27 (77.1%) reported use of at least one CAM therapy. Vitamin/mineral supplements (n=24) and nonvitamin, nonmineral, natural products (n=12) were the most frequently reported. Special diets (n=8) included Swank, Paleo, and a combination of dietary modifications. Overall (n=33), saturated fat and sodium intake were high, and vitamins E, C, D, and A, calcium, and magnesium were frequently below the EAR. Conclusion: CAM use, especially biologically based therapies, are common within the MS population. The restrictive nature of special diets and high intake of certain supplements is concerning. Larger studies are needed to better understand the nutritional impact of special diets in this population.