2025 roadmap on 3D nanomagnetism
Date
2025-02-19
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
Abstract
The transition from planar to three-dimensional (3D) magnetic nanostructures represents a significant advancement in both fundamental research and practical applications, offering vast potential for next-generation technologies like ultrahigh-density storage, memory, logic, and neuromorphic computing. Despite being a relatively new field, the emergence of 3D nanomagnetism presents numerous opportunities for innovation, prompting the creation of a comprehensive roadmap by leading international researchers. This roadmap aims to facilitate collaboration and interdisciplinary dialogue to address challenges in materials science, physics, engineering, and computing. The roadmap comprises eighteen sections, roughly divided into three blocks. The first block explores the fundamentals of 3D nanomagnetism, focusing on recent trends in fabrication techniques and imaging methods crucial for understanding complex spin textures, curved surfaces, and small-scale interactions. Techniques such as two-photon lithography and focused electron beam-induced deposition enable the creation of intricate 3D architectures, while advanced imaging methods like electron holography and synchrotron x-ray tomography provide nanoscale spatial resolution for studying magnetization dynamics in three dimensions. Various 3D magnetic systems, including coupled multilayer systems, artificial spin-ice, magneto-plasmonic systems, topological spin textures, and molecular magnets are discussed. The second block introduces analytical and numerical methods for investigating 3D nanomagnetic structures and curvilinear systems, highlighting geometrically curved architectures, interconnected nanowire systems, and other complex geometries. Finite element methods are emphasized for capturing complex geometries, along with direct frequency domain solutions for addressing magnonic problems. The final block focuses on 3D magnonic crystals and networks, exploring their fundamental properties and potential applications in magnonic circuits, memory, and spintronics. Computational approaches using 3D nanomagnetic systems and complex topological textures in 3D spintronics are highlighted for their potential to enable faster and more energy-efficient computing.
Description
Please see publication for complete list of co-authors.
This article was originally published in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/ad9655.
© 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Keywords
nanomagnetism, three-dimensional nanomagnetism, fabrication techniques, imaging methods, analytical methods, computational approaches
Citation
Gubbiotti, Gianluca, Anjan Barman, Sam Ladak, Cristina Bran, Dirk Grundler, Michael Huth, Harald Plank, et al. “2025 Roadmap on 3D Nanomagnetism.” Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 37, no. 14 (April 7, 2025): 143502. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/ad9655.