Standard purification methods are not sufficient to remove micellular lipophilic dye from polymer nanoparticle solution

Abstract
Tracking nanoparticles’ location is imperative for understanding cellular interactions, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. DiD is a lipophilic dye commonly used to label nanoparticles for trafficking studies. Herein, we show that DiD micelles form in polymer NP solutions during synthesis and can lead to false positive results in downstream assays. Potential methods to remove these micelles are also described.
Description
This article was originally published in RSC Pharmaceutics. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1039/D5PM00013K. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/).
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Citation
Sterin, Eric H., Laura A. Weinstein, Chitran Roy Chowdhury, Emma C. Guzzetti, and Emily S. Day. “Standard Purification Methods Are Not Sufficient to Remove Micellular Lipophilic Dye from Polymer Nanoparticle Solution.” RSC Pharm., 2025. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5PM00013K.