Effect of formula composition and feeding rate on gastrointestinal peptide response in healthy, formula fed infants
Date
2018
Authors
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Publisher
University of Delaware
Abstract
Excessive weight gain in infancy increases the risk for overweight and obesity in adolescence and adulthood. Research indicates that infants fed cow’s milk formula (CMF) tend to gain weight more rapidly than breastfed infants, while those fed extensive protein hydrolysate formula (EHF) show patterns of weight gain similar to breastfed infants. In addition to formula composition, the rate at which food is consumed during a meal has been associated with increased energy intake and adiposity. Interventions to decrease eating rate in adults and adolescents have been shown to result in decreased energy intake, while research on the topic is non-existent in the infant population. ☐ The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of formula composition and feeding rate on both intake volume and gastrointestinal peptide response. Infants (n=7 males, n=3 females) aged 1-4 months old were recruited to participate in a 3-way crossover study. Participants completed 3 study visits, with no more than 3 days between visits. In random order, infants received either CMF, EHF or CMF formula with one-minute pauses throughout the feeding (CMF-slow), at each study visit. To assess differences in gastrointestinal peptide response by feeding type, blood samples were drawn pre-feeding and post feeding. ☐ The average age of infants at all visits combined was 82.4 days (95%CI 70.9-94.0), and the average weight was 5.6 kg (95%CI 5.3-5.8). After controlling for order of feedings, infants in the EHF condition consumed significantly less total volume and volume per kilogram of bodyweight as compared to infants in CMF and CMF-slow conditions, and demonstrated a significantly decreased feeding rate as compared to infants in the other two conditions. Furthermore, absolute change in satiation peptide response did not differ by condition, and while change in peptide concentration per milliliter of formula consumed did not differ significantly between conditions, change in PYY and GIP approached statistical significance, as infants in the EHF condition showed an increased change in these peptides per milliliter of formula consumed. As only ten subjects participated in this study, and only nine subjects completed all three study visits, current findings must be interpreted with caution.
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Keywords
Health and environmental sciences, Feeding rate, Formula fed, Formula feeding, Gut peptides, Infants, Satiation