Zero-Valent Iron and Sand Filtration Reduces Levels of Cyclospora cayetanensis Surrogates, Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina, in Water

Simple item page
Author(s)Gutierrez, Alan
Author(s)Tucker, Matthew S.
Author(s)Yeager, Christina
Author(s)Fournet, Valsin
Author(s)Jenkins, Mark C.
Author(s)Dubey, Jitender P.
Author(s)Kniel, Kalmia E.
Author(s)Rosenthal, Benjamin M.
Author(s)Sharma, Manan
Date Accessioned2024-11-26T19:55:18Z
Date Available2024-11-26T19:55:18Z
Publication Date2024-11-16
DescriptionThis article was originally published in Microorganisms. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112344. Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
AbstractRecurring outbreaks of cyclosporiasis linked to fresh produce demonstrate the need to develop interventions to reduce C. cayetanensis in irrigation water. C. cayetanensis is resistant to commonly used irrigation water treatments, such as chemical sanitizers, making removal of oocysts by filtration the most suitable intervention. This study evaluated the reduction of Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina, as surrogates for C. cayetanensis, in water using filters packed with sand alone or mixtures of sand and zero-valent iron (ZVI). Water inoculated with Eimeria spp. oocysts was filtered through laboratory-scale (PVC column) and field-scale (swimming pool filter) filters packed with either 100% sand or 50% ZVI/50% sand (v/v). Filtered and backflush water was examined microscopically for oocysts. Laboratory-scale filters with 50% ZVI significantly (p < 0.05) reduced 99.9% of E. tenella oocysts compared to 55.3% with filters containing 100% sand. At the field-scale level, 50% ZVI filters significantly (p < 0.05) reduced 70.5% of E. acervulina oocysts compared to 54.5% by 100% sand filters. Filters were backflushed to examine the recovery of these parasites during routine filter-media cleaning procedures. Backflush recovery of oocysts ranged from 4.42–16.7%. The addition of ZVI significantly improved the reduction of Eimeria spp. oocysts at both filter scales. and should be further investigated as a potential irrigation water intervention to reduce C. cayetanensis.
SponsorThis work was supported by the Center for Produce Safety and the Florida Department of Food, Agricultural, and Consumer Science for AFECCT: Assessing filtration efficacy for Cyclospora control and by three USDA-ARS projects: “Foodborne Parasites and Their Impact on Food Safety” 8042-32000-113-000-D, “Developing Improved Control Strategies for Avian Coccidiosis” 8042-32000-114-000-D and “Improving Pre-harvest Produce Safety through Reduction of Pathogen Levels in Agricultural Environments and Development and Validation of Farm-Scale Microbial Quality Model for Irrigation Water Sources” 8042-42610-001-000-D. This project was supported in part by a fellowship for Dr. Alan Gutierrez from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education.
CitationGutierrez, Alan, Matthew S. Tucker, Christina Yeager, Valsin Fournet, Mark C. Jenkins, Jitender P. Dubey, Kalmia E. Kniel, Benjamin M. Rosenthal, and Manan Sharma. 2024. "Zero-Valent Iron and Sand Filtration Reduces Levels of Cyclospora cayetanensis Surrogates, Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina, in Water" Microorganisms 12, no. 11: 2344. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112344
ISSN2076-2607
URLhttps://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/35624
Languageen_US
PublisherMicroorganisms
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
KeywordsCyclospora cayetanensis
Keywordszero-valent iron
KeywordsEimeria
Keywordswater treatment
Keywordsirrigation water
Keywordsproduce safety
TitleZero-Valent Iron and Sand Filtration Reduces Levels of Cyclospora cayetanensis Surrogates, Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina, in Water
TypeArticle
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
Zero-Valent Iron and Sand Filtration Reduces Levels of Cyclospora cayetanensis Surrogates, Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina, in Water.pdf
Size:
1.47 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
Main article
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
2.22 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download
Collections
Open Access Publications