Mustard ‘Amara’ Benefits from Superelevated CO2 While Adapting to Far-red Light Over Time

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Author(s)Kennebeck, Emily J.
Author(s)Meng, Qingwu
Date Accessioned2024-03-14T15:49:23Z
Date Available2024-03-14T15:49:23Z
Publication Date2024-01-05
DescriptionThis article was originally published in HortScience. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI17522-23. © American Society for Horticultural Science 2024
AbstractCompared with the ambient Earth carbon dioxide concentration (≈415 μmol⋅mol–1), the International Space Station has superelevated carbon dioxide (≈2800 μmol⋅mol–1), which can be a stressor to certain crops. Far-red light can drive plant photosynthesis and increase extension growth and biomass. However, the effects of far-red light under superelevated carbon dioxide are unclear. We grew hydroponic mustard (Brassica carinata) ‘Amara’ seedlings in four growth chambers using a randomized complete block design with two carbon dioxide concentrations (415 and 2800 μmol⋅mol–1), two lighting treatments, and two blocks at temperature and relative humidity set points of 22 °C and 40%, respectively. Each growth chamber had two lighting treatments at the same total photon flux density of 200 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1. Under the same blue and green light at 50 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1 each, plants received either red light at 100 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1 or red + far-red light at 50 μmol⋅m–2⋅s–1 each. At day 15 after planting, far-red light did not influence shoot fresh or dry mass at 415 μmol⋅mol–1 carbon dioxide, but decreased both parameters by 22% to 23% at 2800 μmol⋅mol–1 carbon dioxide. Increasing the carbon dioxide concentration increased shoot fresh and dry mass 27% to 49%, regardless of the lighting treatment. Far-red light decreased leaf area by 16% at 2800 μmol⋅mol–1 carbon dioxide, but had no effect at 415 μmol⋅mol–1 carbon dioxide. Increasing the carbon dioxide concentration increased leaf area by 21% to 33%, regardless of far-red light. Regardless of the carbon dioxide concentration, far-red light promoted stem elongation and decreased chlorophyll concentrations by 39% to 42%. These responses indicate far-red light elicited a crop-specific shade avoidance response in mustard ‘Amara’, increasing extension growth but decreasing leaf area, thereby reducing light interception and biomass. In addition, carbon dioxide enrichment up to 2800 μmol⋅mol–1 increased the biomass of mustard ‘Amara’ but decreased the biomass of other crops, indicating crop-specific tolerance to superelevated carbon dioxide. In conclusion, mustard ‘Amara’ seedlings benefit from superelevated carbon dioxide, but exhibit growth reduction under far-red light under superelevated carbon dioxide.
SponsorThis work was supported by a grant from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research Rapid Response Research (Grant No. 80NSSC21M0142). We thank Eva Birtell, Evyn Appel, and Ian Kelly for experimental assistance; and Gioia Massa for supporting this research.
CitationKennebeck, Emily J., and Qingwu Meng. "Mustard ‘Amara’ Benefits from Superelevated CO2 While Adapting to Far-red Light Over Time", HortScience 59, 2 (2024): 139-145, https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI17522-23
ISSN2327-9834
URLhttps://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/34193
Languageen_US
PublisherHortScience
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Keywordscontrolled-environment agriculture
Keywordshydroponics
Keywordslight quality
Keywordsspace crop production
Keywordszero hunger
Keywordsclimate action
TitleMustard ‘Amara’ Benefits from Superelevated CO2 While Adapting to Far-red Light Over Time
TypeArticle
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