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Open access publications by faculty, postdocs, and graduate students in the Department of Physics and Astronomy.
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- ItemCalculations of multipole transitions in Sn II for kilonova analysis(The European Physical Journal D, 2023-07-03) Bondarev, A. I.; Gillanders, J. H.; Cheung, C.; Safronova, M. S.; Fritzsche, S.We use the method that combines linearized coupled-cluster and configuration interaction approaches for calculating energy levels and multipole transition probabilities in singly ionized tin ions. We show that our calculated energies agree very well with the experimental data. We present probabilities of magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole transitions and use them for the analysis of the AT2017gfo kilonova emission spectra. This study demonstrates the importance and utility of accurate atomic data for forbidden transitions in the examination of future kilonova events.
- ItemPatellofemoral Joint Loading Progression Across 35 Weightbearing Rehabilitation Exercises and Activities of Daily Living(American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2023-06-05) Song, Ke; Silva, Rodrigo Scattone; Hullfish, Todd J.; Silbernagel, Karin Grävare; Baxter, Josh R.Background: Exercises that provide progressive therapeutic loading are a central component of patellofemoral pain rehabilitation, but quantitative evidence on patellofemoral joint loading is scarce for a majority of common weightbearing rehabilitation exercises. Purpose: To define a loading index to quantify, compare, rank, and categorize overall loading levels in the patellofemoral joint across 35 types of weightbearing rehabilitation exercises and activities of daily living. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Model-estimated knee flexion angles and extension moments based on motion capture and ground-reaction force data were used to quantify patellofemoral joint loading in 20 healthy participants who performed each exercise. A loading index was computed via a weighted sum of loading peak and cumulative loading impulse for each exercise. The 35 rehabilitation exercises and daily living activities were then ranked and categorized into low, moderate, and high “loading tiers” according to the loading index. Results: Overall patellofemoral loading levels varied substantially across the exercises and activities, with loading peak ranging from 0.6 times body weight during walking to 8.2 times body weight during single-leg decline squat. Most rehabilitation exercises generated a moderate level of patellofemoral joint loading. Few weightbearing exercises provided low-level loading that resembled walking or high-level loading with both high magnitude and duration. Exercises with high knee flexion tended to generate higher patellofemoral joint loading compared with high-intensity exercises. Conclusion: This study quantified patellofemoral joint loading across a large collection of weightbearing exercises in the same cohort. Clinical Relevance: The visualized loading index ranks and modifiable worksheet may assist clinicians in planning patient-specific exercise programs for patellofemoral pain rehabilitation.
- ItemAssessment of Directionally Solidified Eutectic Sm–Fe(Co)–Ti Alloys as Permanent Magnet Materials(IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2023-05-29) Gabay, Alexander M.; Han, Chaoya; Ni, Chaoying; Hadjipanayis, George C.Sm–Fe–Ti and Sm–Fe 0.8 Co 0.2 –Ti alloys were prepared via arc-melting and directionally solidified on a water-cooled copper hearth. The as-solidified alloys featured cells of the Sm(Fe,Co,Ti) 12 –Ti(Fe,Co) 2+δ –(α-Fe) lamellar eutectic. The lamellae of Sm(Fe,Co,Ti) 12 phase with a crystal structure of the ThMn12 type were less than 0.2 μm thick, and had their [001] easy-magnetization directions oriented along the temperature gradient of the solidification. The eutectic microstructure led to an increased coercivity, especially in the Co-added alloys. Below 250 °C, this coercivity was found not to vary much with temperature with a temperature coefficient of -0.18 %/°C. However, the modest absolute values, reaching only 0.7 kOe, are insufficient for utilization of the directionally solidified alloys as anisotropic permanent magnets.
- ItemQuantum classical approach to spin and charge pumping and the ensuing radiation in terahertz spintronics: Example of the ultrafast light-driven Weyl antiferromagnet Mn3Sn(Physical Review B, 2023-05-15) Suresh, Abhin; Nikolić, Branislav K.The interaction of a femtosecond laser pulse with magnetic materials has been intensely studied for more than two decades in order to understand ultrafast demagnetization in single magnetic layers or terahertz emission from their bilayers with nonmagnetic spin-orbit (SO) materials. However, in contrast to well-understood spin and charge pumping by dynamical magnetization in spintronic systems driven by microwaves or current injection, analogous processes in light-driven magnets and radiation emitted by them remain largely unexplained due to the multiscale nature of the problem. Here we develop a multiscale quantum-classical formalism—where conduction electrons are described by quantum master equation (QME) of the Lindblad type, classical dynamics of local magnetization is described by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation, and incoming light is described by classical vector potential, while outgoing electromagnetic radiation is computed using the Jefimenko equations for retarded electric and magnetic fields—and apply it to a bilayer of antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Mn3Sn, hosting noncollinear local magnetization, and SO-coupled nonmagnetic material. Our QME+LLG+Jefimenko scheme makes it possible to understand how a femtosecond laser pulse directly generates spin and charge pumping and electromagnetic radiation by the Mn3Sn layer, including both odd and even high harmonics (of the pulse center frequency) up to order n≤7. The directly pumped spin current then exerts spin torque on local magnetization whose dynamics, in turn, pumps additional spin and charge currents radiating in the terahertz range. By switching on and off LLG dynamics and SO couplings, we unravel which microscopic mechanism contributes the most to emitted terahertz radiation—charge pumping by local magnetization of Mn3Sn in the presence of it own SO coupling is far more important than standardly assumed (for other types of magnetic layers) spin pumping and subsequent spin-to-charge conversion within the adjacent nonmagnetic SO-coupled material.
- ItemCombinational Vibration Modes in H2O/HDO/D2O Mixtures Detected Thanks to the Superior Sensitivity of Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Scattering(Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2023-06-01) Pastorczak, Marcin; Duk, Katsiaryna; Shahab, Samaneh; Kananenka, Alexei A.Overtones and combinational modes frequently play essential roles in ultrafast vibrational energy relaxation in liquid water. However, these modes are very weak and often overlap with fundamental modes, particularly in isotopologues mixtures. We measured VV and HV Raman spectra of H2O and D2O mixtures with femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) and compared the results with calculated spectra. Specifically, we observed the mode at around 1850 cm–1 and assigned it to H–O–D bend + rocking libration. Second, we found that the H–O–D bend overtone band and the OD stretch + rocking libration combination band contribute to the band located between 2850 and 3050 cm–1. Furthermore, we assigned the broad band located between 4000 and 4200 cm–1 to be composed of combinational modes of high-frequency OH stretching modes with predominantly twisting and rocking librations. These results should help in a proper interpretation of Raman spectra of aqueous systems as well as in the identification of vibrational relaxation pathways in isotopically diluted water.