Browsing by Author "Safronova, Marianna S."
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Item Direct detection of ultralight dark matter bound to the Sun with space quantum sensors(Nature Astronomy, 2022-12-05) Tsai, Yu-Dai; Eby, Joshua; Safronova, Marianna S.Recent advances in quantum sensors, including atomic clocks, enable searches for a broad range of dark matter candidates. The question of the dark matter distribution in the Solar system critically affects the reach of dark matter direct detection experiments. Partly motivated by the NASA Deep Space Atomic Clock and the Parker Solar Probe, we show that space quantum sensors present new opportunities for ultralight dark matter searches, especially for dark matter states bound to the Sun. We show that space quantum sensors can probe unexplored parameter space of ultralight dark matter, covering theoretical relaxion targets motivated by naturalness and Higgs mixing. If a two-clock system were able to make measurements on the interior of the solar system, it could probe this highly sensitive region directly and set very strong constraints on the existence of such a bound-state halo in our solar system. We present sensitivity projections for space-based probes of ultralight dark matter, which couples to electron, photon and gluon fields, based on current and future atomic, molecular and nuclear clocks.Item Natural-linewidth measurements of the 3𝐶 and 3𝐷 soft-x-ray transitions in Ni xix(Physical Review A, 2024-06-10) Shah, Chintan; Kühn, Steffen; Bernitt, Sonja; Steinbrügge, René; Togawa, Moto; Berger, Lukas; Buck, Jens; Hoesch, Moritz; Seltmann, Jörn; Kozlov, Mikhail G.; Porsev, Sergey G.; Gu, Ming Feng; Porter, F. Scott; Pfeifer, Thomas; Leutenegger, Maurice A.; Cheung, Charles; Safronova, Marianna S.; Crespo López-Urrutia, José R.We used the monochromatic soft-x-ray beamline P04 at the synchrotron-radiation facility PETRA III to resonantly excite the strongest 2𝑝−3𝑑 transitions in neonlike Nixix ions, [2𝑝6]𝐽=0→[(2𝑝5)1/23𝑑3/2]𝐽=1 and [2𝑝6]𝐽=0→[(2𝑝5)3/23𝑑5/2]𝐽=1, respectively dubbed 3𝐶 and 3𝐷, achieving a resolving power of 15 000 and signal-to-background ratio of 30. We obtain their natural linewidths, with an accuracy of better than 10%, as well as the oscillator-strength ratio 𝑓(3𝐶)/𝑓(3𝐷)=2.51(11) from analysis of the resonant fluorescence spectra. These results agree with those of previous experiments, earlier predictions, and our own advanced calculations.Item New Measurement Resolves Key Astrophysical Fe XVII Oscillator Strength Problem(Physical Review Letters, 2022-12-05) Kühn, Steffen; Cheung, Charles; Oreshkina, Natalia S.; Steinbrügge, René; Togawa, Moto; Bernitt, Sonja; Berger, Lukas; Buck, Jens; Hoesch, Moritz; Seltmann, Jörn; Trinter, Florian; Keitel, Christoph H.; Kozlov, Mikhail G.; Porsev, Sergey G.; Gu, Ming Feng; Porter, F. Scott; Pfeifer, Thomas; Leutenegger, Maurice A.; Harman, Zoltán; Safronova, Marianna S.; López-Urrutia, José R. Crespo; Shah, ChintanOne of the most enduring and intensively studied problems of x-ray astronomy is the disagreement of state-of-the art theory and observations for the intensity ratio of two Fe XVII transitions of crucial value for plasma diagnostics, dubbed 3C and 3D. We unravel this conundrum at the PETRA III synchrotron facility by increasing the resolving power 2.5 times and the signal-to-noise ratio thousandfold compared with our previous work. The Lorentzian wings had hitherto been indistinguishable from the background and were thus not modeled, resulting in a biased line-strength estimation. The present experimental oscillator-strength ratio Rexp=f3C/f3D=3.51(2)stat(7)sys agrees with our state-of-the-art calculation of Rth=3.55(2), as well as with some previous theoretical predictions. To further rule out any uncertainties associated with the measured ratio, we also determined the individual natural linewidths and oscillator strengths of 3C and 3D transitions, which also agree well with the theory. This finally resolves the decades-old mystery of Fe XVII oscillator strengths.Item Proceedings of the 2023 DARWIN Computing Symposium(Data Science Institute of the University of Delaware, 2023-02-23) Safronova, Marianna S.; Bagozzi, Benjamin E.; Eigenmann, Rudolf; Jayaraman, Arthi; Totten, William; Wu, Cathy H.The DARWIN Computing Symposium 2023—sponsored by the Data Science Institute of the University of Delaware—was held on February 23, 2023. It represented the fourth event in a series of Symposia motivated by a National Science Foundation (NSF) MRI Award, also known as the Delaware Advanced Research Workforce and Innovation Network (DARWIN). As part of an NSF Major Research Instrumentation award (OAC-1919839), DARWIN has the goal of catalyzing "research and education at the University of Delaware (UD) and partners by acquiring a big data and high-performance computing system and making this instrument available to the community." This fourth DARWIN Computing Symposium presented a wide variety of research enabled by the DARWIN machine to the Delaware community. It also showcased additional computational and data-enabled research, provided perspectives on broadening participation in computational and data-intensive research, and facilitated opportunities for forming collaborations among future users at UD and regional partners. In addition to the NSF and the Data Science Institute, the 2023 DARWIN Computing Symposium was sponsored by AMD, BioCurie, Chemours, and Tech Impact. Dr. Marianna Safronova, Professor of Physics at the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, served as chair of the 2023 DARWIN Computing Symposium.