Browsing by Author "Dynes, Russell R."
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Item Behavior In Disaster And Implications For The Insurance Industry(Disaster Research Center, 1992) Dynes, Russell R.; Quarantelli, E. L.Item A Brief Note on Disaster Restoration, Reconstruction and Recovery: A Comparative Note Using Post Earthquake Observations(Disaster Research Center, 2008) Dynes, Russell R.; Quarantelli, E. L.Twenty general observations about disaster restoration, reconstruction and recovery are presented with attention primarily on what happens after earthquakes. Generalizations were derived from the empirical literature on post impact periods of disasters. The overall conclusion is that disaster reconstruction is part of the more general process of recovery, which in turn is rooted in the social structure of the impacted society.Item Centro De Investigaciones Y Estudios Superiores En Antropologia Soical(Disaster Research Center, 1997) Dynes, Russell R.Item Civil Disturbances And Social Change: A Comparative Analysis(Disaster Research Center, 1973-09) Anderson, William A.; Dynes, Russell R.Item Coming to Terms with Community Disaster(Disaster Research Center, 1997) Dynes, Russell R.Concepts are most useful when their formulation leads to researchable questions. For social scientists, the concept of disaster need to be rooted in some social unit--the choice here is the community, a universal form of social life and response. Since disasters are normativelydefined and are manifest by extraordinary effort on the part of community members, the mostaccurate indicators of disaster effects is found in the action and adaptation of communityorganizations. Two major community categories are identified--autonomous and dependent- while two noncommunity types--sector and noninstitutionalized--are also suggested. These different categories lead to different research leads. In any case, disaster as social disruption has to be viewed in a social system context. Disasters create many difficulties, even for social scientists. Social scientists have to dealwith concepts that also have popular meaning and some of those meanings can carry with themhigh emotional content. When events invoke moral and emotional reactions, conceptual discussions about them can often evoke charges of moral insensitivity and professional arrogance.Too, interest in disasters cuts across disciplinary lines so one's own interest is given highestpriority while the interests of others is considered marginal or perhaps even trivial. Given those difficulties, it is often prudent to ignore or at least to downplay conceptual discussions. Periodically, however, it can be important to raise such issues. One should, however, in the discussion about disaster, disclaim responsibility to catalogue every sin, every trauma, all evil thatis intertwined with human history. There is a more delimited mandate to be explored here.Item Comment on Drabek’s work and other encyclopediasts(Disaster Research Center, 1998) Dynes, Russell R.Item Comments On The Second Assessment(Disaster Research Center, 1997) Dynes, Russell R.Item Community Conflict: Its Absence and its Presence in Natural Disasters(Disaster Research Center, 1971-03) Dynes, Russell R.; Quarantelli, E. L.Item Community Conflict: Its Absence and Its Presence In Natural Disasters(Disaster Research Center, 1975) Dynes, Russell R.; Quarantelli, E. L.Item Community Emergency Planning: False Assumption and Inappropriate Analogies(Disaster Research Center, 1990) Dynes, Russell R.Item Community Emergency Planning: False Assumptions and Inappropriate Analogies(International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 1994) Dynes, Russell R.Community emergency planning had its roots in military analogies which viewed emergencies as extensions of "enemy attack" scenarios. Such thinking was embedded in early structural arrangements and was generalized as the appropriate normative model for all emergencies. This model viewed emergencies as conditions of social chaos which could be rectified by command and control. It is argued here that such a view is inadequate based on a knowledge of behavior in emergencies and the model is dysfunctional for planning. A more adequate model is presented, based on conditions of continuity, coordination and cooperation. This problem solving model, based on research rather than military analogies, provides a more adequate set of assumptions as the basis for planning. However, legislative and technological "improvements" often make emergency planning more rigid and increasingly inadequate.Item Community Response To Disasters(1985) Quarantelli, E. L.; Dynes, Russell R.Item Community Social Capital as the Primary Basis for Resilience(Disaster Research Center, 2005) Dynes, Russell R.Initially, I need to provide a set of assumptions. I am treating terrorism as producing what is conventionally called disaster. Understanding disaster, however, is seldom enhanced by focusing on the peculiarities of particular disaster agents, in this case, terrorism. I will look at previous research on diverse disaster agents on the basis of a rather universal social unit – the community. The community is the locus of the response to disaster and such social units have the social capital necessary to respond to disasters. I will argue that communities already exhibit considerable resilience in dealing with a variety of types of disaster and that we can learn how those capabilities might be enhanced. On the other hand, the implementation of certain types of policy relating to terrorism can have the effect of undercutting and dampening resilience.Item The Comparative Study of Disaster: A Social Organizational Approach(Disaster Research Center, 1975) Dynes, Russell R.Item The Concept of Role in Disaster Research(Disaster Research Center, 1986) Dynes, Russell R.Item Conceptualizing Disaster in Ways Productive for Social Science Research(Disaster Research Center, 1989) Dynes, Russell R.Item Contemporary Uses of Sociological Research: Sociology of Disaster(Disaster Research Center, 1992) Dynes, Russell R.; Drabek, ThomasThe value of sociological research is dependent on the cultural conceptualization of an issue and its public policy implications. For most of human history, disasters have been considered collective misfortunes but not objects of study, or even issues of public policy. However, much of recorded history is structured around disaster and, in literature, disaster has been used as a metaphor to explain universal human actions. Usually, disasters have been considered “acts of God”, conveniently outside social systems, although certain consequences of disaster had important social implications. Those in power often perceived disasters as weakening social systems which made rulers vulnerable to conquest from outsiders. Disaster, then, had implications for maintaining social order. There was also concern for disaster “victims”. Even if God were responsible, his randomness did not necessarily coincide with worldly notions of justice. Thus unjustly affected were deserving of compassion. Even in the colonial period, disaster victims deserved relief. This paper explores these and other related themes and concepts.Item Cross-Cultural International Research: Sociology and Disaster(Research Committee on Disasters, International Sociological Association, 1988-08) Dynes, Russell R.Early cross-cultural studies of disaster responses are summarized to provide a context for recent collaborative efforts. Many of these have been initiated by researchers from the United States who have joined colleagues in numerous other countries to standardize measurement instruments and assess aspects of the public response. These efforts have highlighted definitional, theoretical, and methodological difficulties which are being addressed in current studies. Finally, current policy developments are described that may encourage future research that is cross-societal in focus and collaborative in implementation.Item Dealing with Disaster in the 21st Century(Disaster Research Center, 1998) Dynes, Russell R.Item The Delivery of Mental Health Services in the Xenia Tornado(Disaster Research Center, 1975) Dynes, Russell R.; Quarantelli, E. L.